Effect of precursors combined with bacteria communities on the formation of humic substances during different materials composting
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7strains degrading oil were isolated from long-term oil-contaminated soil and they were numbered as bacteria 2-1,bacteria 7-1,bacteria 1-2,bacteria5-2,bacteria 7-2,bacteria oil 3,bacteria oil 5,of which bacteria 2-1and bacteria 7-1were identified as Serratia marcescens,bacteria 1-2as Raoultella planticola,bacteria 5-2,bacteria oil 3,and bacteria oil 5as Klebsiella genus,bacteria 7-2as Bacillus cereus by morphological observation,Biolog identification and 16SrDNA gene sequence analysis.Bacteria 1-2,bacteria 5-2and bacteria 7-2enabled the surface tension of the fermentation liquid reduce from 36.1mN/m to 20.2mN/m, 20.74mN/m and 21.78mN/m,indicating the surfactants produced by the bacteriums have a strong emulsification crude capacity and show great potential.
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Humic acid is an organic matter found in nature, which has a good effect on plant growth, widely used in agriculture. Extract Humic acid from lignite in different method get different Humic acid. In this study we preparation of Humic acid by alkali-soluble acid precipitation method. Different effects of Humic acid prepared by different activation processes so do a promote comparison. Humic acid was produced from lignite used alkali compared different activation process with PH of 6 and 12. The activation rate was 9.6% and 24.6%. Respectively we explored the effects of Humic acids along with inorganic fertile on oilseed rape. The results showed that usage of the two kinds of Humic acids together with inorganic fertile had better effects than the single formula. Besides, the promote effect of Humic acid with PH of 6 was better than PH of 12.
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The impact of humic acid substances in different regions on the flocculation of metal ions is studied in this paper.The structure and complex nature of humic acid substances are analyzed by IR spectra.The results show that humic acid substances have a strong complexing adsorption capacity on metal ions,namely,a gram of humic acid products can adsorb a few hundred milligrams of metal ions.Humic acid substances in different regions have different ability on metal ion complexation.The metal flocculation ability of sodium humate products of Yunnan Eshan is better than other humic acid substances.The complex adsportion reaction occurs mainly in response to the active site carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group of the substances.The study on the anti-flocculation ability of humic acid substances with metal ions has important theoretical significance and application value on how to avoid the generation of insoluble precipitate humic acid substances in agriculture and medicine and other fields of application process.
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Effect of metazoa Philodina erythrophthalma on proportion of physiologically active bacteria was evaluated using two fluorescein chemicals 6CFDA (6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) and DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for staining bacteria. 6CFDA stains bacteria with esterase hydrolyzing activity. DAPI stains DNA of bacteria (indicator of total bacteria) . The number of bacteria in the presence of P. erythrophthalma was lower comparing with those in the absence of P. erythrophthalma. But the decrease of active bacteria is smaller than that of total bacteria, enhancing proportion of active bacteria (number of active bacteria divided by number of total bacteria) from 40% in the absence of P. erythrophthalma to 46% in the presence of P. erythrophthalma. Proportion of active bacteria in flocculated bacteria tended to be higher in the presence of P. erythrophthalma comparing with that in the absence of P. erythrophthalma.
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The adsorption mechanisms of cadmium on montmorillonite were investigated and the effects of different kinds of humic acid on adsorption mechanisms were revealed.It was found that adsorption amount of Cd2+ increased as pH value of ambient solution increased.After humic acid added,the adsorption of Cd was logged because humic acid adsorptions took precedence of Cd2+.Then co-adsorptions of Cd2+ were carried through between humic acid and montmorillonite. So the quantity of adsorption was greater than adsorption without humic acid.In addition,the adsorption mechanisms were related to the dose and its added manner of humic acid.
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The effect of pH on the adsorption of [AuCl4]- by humic acid and oxidized humic acid has been conducted. Humic acid was isolated from peat soil Rawa Pening, Jawa Tengah. It was extracted by NaOH 0.1 M and was precipitated by HCl 1 M, then was purified with HCl 0.1 M : HF 0.3 M (1:1 v/v). Oxidation of humic acid was carried out by reacting humic acids with H2O2 3% on the temperature of 70 ?C during 5 hours. The effect of pH on the adsorption [AuCl4]- was determined by reacting humic acid and oxidised humic acid with [AuCl4]- solution on the pH variations of 1 to 6, then was characterized with spectophotometer UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD and microphotography.
The ash content in humic acid was 18% and after purification it became 0.67%. FTIR spectra showed that humic acid and oxidized humic acid had functional groups, they were –COOH and –OH, X-Ray difractogram showed three characteristic peaks for gold. Adsorption by humic acid was optimum at pH 2, while oxidized humic acid was optimum at pH 3.
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The transport of humic acid in different soils at various conditions was studied. The transport of humic acid varied markedly with experimental conditions. Under the conditions of high solution pH values, high humic acid concentrations and fluid velocities, the retardation and humic acid adsorption on soil particles were less than that at the condition of low solution pH values, low humic acid concentrations and fluid velocities, indicating that the transport of humic acid was favored with the increase of solution pH values, humic acid concentrations and fluid velocities. The transport of humic acid was also related with soil properties. The high clay content and cation exchange capacity enhanced the adsorption of humic acid in soils, thus retarded the transport in soils. Humic acid adsorption was the major process controlling the transport of humic acid in soils. The adsorption of humic acid varied with solution chemical properties and soil properties and should be considered in predicting humic acid behaviors in soil and water environment.
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