Engineering the Magnetic Anisotropy of Electrodeposited Multilayers
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Induced magnetic anisotropy is important in numerous technical applications. An in-plane easy axis may be induced in an electrodeposited alloy film by deposition in an applied field. The origin of this anisotropy is thought to be preferential alignment of pairs of atoms of the same species, and the effect is generally small compared to magnetocrystalline anisotropy or surface anisotropy. Despite the phenomenon being well established, many open questions remain, including what happens to the induced anisotropy as the film thickness is reduced, or what the minimum applied field required to induce anisotropy is. We have studied the induced anisotropy in electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni(Cu)/Cu multilayers, and find that induced anisotropy is still observed for layer thicknesses down to 2nm. We have also shown that the field required to induce anisotropy in this system is extremely low. Furthermore, it is possible to engineer the anisotropy of the film as a whole by changing the direction of the applied field during growth.Keywords:
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Deposition
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Magnetism
Exchange bias
Exchange interaction
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Using single crystal spheres of less than 1·5 mm diameter changes of anisotropy field of the order of 0·1 Oe may be determined; hence the induced anisotropy constants F and G. If necessary the measurement may be made in the presence of the very large anisotropy fields associated with the ordinary, typically cubic, magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Changes of about 0·01 Oe may be detected and the apparatus is stable to this degree over periods of some hours.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Crystal (programming language)
Degree (music)
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Induced magnetic anisotropy is important in numerous technical applications. An in-plane easy axis may be induced in an electrodeposited alloy film by deposition in an applied field. The origin of this anisotropy is thought to be preferential alignment of pairs of atoms of the same species, and the effect is generally small compared to magnetocrystalline anisotropy or surface anisotropy. Despite the phenomenon being well established, many open questions remain, including what happens to the induced anisotropy as the film thickness is reduced, or what the minimum applied field required to induce anisotropy is. We have studied the induced anisotropy in electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni(Cu)/Cu multilayers, and find that induced anisotropy is still observed for layer thicknesses down to 2nm. We have also shown that the field required to induce anisotropy in this system is extremely low. Furthermore, it is possible to engineer the anisotropy of the film as a whole by changing the direction of the applied field during growth.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Deposition
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A study is presented of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the quasiternary systems (Pr/sub 1-x/Er/sub x/)/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B and (Pr/sub 1-x/Sm/sub x/)/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B in which, with increasing x, the easy-magnetization direction changes from easy axis to easy plane. Magnetization measurements on samples aligned magnetically at room temperature have been carried out in fields up to 20 T at temperatures ranging from 4.2 K to room temperature. The data of the easy-axis compounds are analyzed in terms of the anisotropy constants up to sixth-order, taking into account the misalignment of the grains in the magnetically-aligned samples. Special emphasis is given to the influence of the Sm and Er substitutions on the first-order magnetization process and the anisotropy energy of Pr/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B.< >
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Anisotropy energy
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Rare-earth atoms play an important role in determining the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in 4f-3d intermetallic compounds. Recently we reported on the synthesis and magnetic properties of Gd-substituted Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles as potentially suitable for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). In MFH the specific power absorption rate is related to the lossy magnetocrystalline anisotropic properties of the magnetic fluids. In this paper we report the role of Ho substitution in magnetite nanoparticles, which is found to enhance the KV product arising from the large anisotropy of Ho3+ moments. The zero-field-cooled magnetization data is then simulated by assuming noninteracting magnetic particles with uniaxial anisotropy and lognormal particle size distribution. The fit parameters give the values of particle diameter (D) 9 nm, standard deviation 0.3 in ln(D), and the anisotropy constant K to be 3.5×104J∕m3. The value of K thus obtained is an order of magnitude larger than the value known for the undoped for magnetite (104J∕m3).
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
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The magnetic anisotropy of pure and Co/Ti-doped Ba ferrite particles is analyzed through the evaluation of the dependence on temperature of the constants of magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropy, which both are present in the platelet-like Ba ferrite particles with hexagonal structure. In undoped Ba ferrite, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant is predominant on the conflicting shape anisotropy constant at all temperatures, which indicates that the magnetic anisotropy is uniaxial, with preferred direction for the magnetization along the c axis of the hexagonal particles. In doped particles, where the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is weakened by the ionic substitutions, while at high temperatures the magnetic anisotropy is substantially uniaxial with c as axis of easy magnetization, when the temperature decreases, the shape anisotropy constant becomes larger than the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, and consequently, the magnetic anisotropy is not uniaxial, but it presents multiple preferred directions for the magnetization
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Lattice (music)
Anisotropy energy
Crystal (programming language)
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Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Tetragonal crystal system
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This paper proposed an improved magnetostriction model for correlation of anisotropy in non-oriented (NO) silicon steel based on the free energy, which considers stress-induced and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Firstly, the free energy model, which includes stress-induced anisotropy energy, the energy of magnetic field, and the anisotropic energy of magnetic crystals, is incorporated into the anhysteretic magnetization parameter Man. Then, to obtain the magnetic field and proposed model parameters related to stress-induced and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the magnetostrictive strain loops at different magnetization directions of NO silicon steel are measured. Finally, based on the parameters obtained from experimental data of the proposed model, magnetostrictive strain loops under varying magnetization directions are simulated. This improved magnetostriction model can be applied to the calculation of the vector magnetostriction of the motor core.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
Electrical steel
Anisotropy energy
Inverse magnetostrictive effect
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