Estimation of Ammonia Volatilization from a Paddy Field after Application of Controlled-Release Urea Based on the Modified Jayaweera–Mikkelsen Model Combined with the Sherlock–Goh Model
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Abstract:
The continuous airflow enclosures with an acid trap method was widely used to investigate ammonia (NH3) volatilization in field; however, it could be time-consuming for the estimation of NH3 volatilization in field with the application of controlled-release urea (CRU) because NH3 volatilization with CRU application could occur during the entire crop growth period. An NH3 volatilization estimation method based on the modified Jayaweera–Mikkelsen (J-M) model combined with the Sherlock–Goh model was used to simulate NH3 volatilization in a paddy field after 255 kg N ha−1 as CRU (polymer-coated urea with the concentration of 43% nitrogen, 100% for basal) and urea (70% for basal, 30% for topdressing) during the rice growth period including flooded and non-flooded periods in Wuxi, China. Results indicated that NH3 volatilization can be modeled with the proposed measure because no significant difference (P< 0.001) was observed between the simulated values and the observed values; the correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.615 for CRU and 0.840 for urea during the flooded period, and 0.991 for CRU and 0.946 for urea during the non-flooded period. Compared with urea, NH3 volatilization was minimized by 43.2% with the application of CRU based on simulated value within the rice growth period, which was 40.40 kg N ha−1 for CRU and 78.62 kg N ha−1 for urea during the flooded period, and 5.52 kg N ha−1 for CRU and 2.33 kg N ha−1 for urea during the non-flooded period. Therefore, CRU could be a promising nitrogen fertilizer to prevent NH3 losses in the rice paddies at the investigated area.Keywords:
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Volatilisation
Studies on the characteristic of ammonia volatilization in soil surface applied urea,compound fertilizer,coated urea and coated compound fertilizer by the enclosure method.The results indicated that ammonia volatilization characteristic of secondary processing urea were different:(1)9.2%,10.4%,7.6%,9.3% of total applied N were volatilized when urea,compound fertilizer,coated urea and coated compound fertilizer were applied.(2)The amount of ammonia volatilization of compound fertilizer was 12.9% higher than that of urea.(3)Coated urea ammonia volatilization was 17.9% lower than urea.(4)The amount ammonia volatilization of compound fertilizer were close to than that of urea.Though coated compound fertilizer ammonia volatilization was 15.6% lower than that of urea in the 25 day after surface applied,20.7% higher than of urea in the last 25 day.(5)The ammonia volatilization characteristic of secondary processing urea was need further studies with its production process.
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Soil incubation under 25℃ was applied to study the ammonia volatilization and soil urease activity of normal urea and value-added urea which was manufactured by melted urea with different organic synergists.The results showed that the value-added urea F-5 and H-5 decreased the accumulation of ammonia volatilization by 15.2% and 13.3% compared to the normal urea.The peak of ammonia volatilization was deferred by the treatment F-5 and the peak value was brought down by the two treatments whose variation curves were relatively stable.The treatment F-5 and H-5 could inhibit the soil urease activity and prolong the release time of urea.Compared with normal urea,the effects of F and H value-added urea on the ammonia volatilization reduction and the soil urease activity inhibition were significant.
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