Performance of Centrifugal Pumps
Paul CooperGeorge TchobanoglousRichard O. GarbusRobert J. HartCarl W. RehLowell G. SloanEarle C. Smith
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Keywords:
Specific speed
Rotodynamic pump
Axial-flow pump
Hydraulic head
Volumetric efficiency
Aiming at the mechanical loss caused by shaft seal,bearing,impeller disk friction and the hydraulic and volume losses resulting in low efficiency of super-low specific-speed centrifugal pump,five kinds of methods are put forward to improve the efficiency of super-low specific-speed centrifugal pump,such as increasing pump speed,choice of larger blade outlet setting angle,increasing blade outlet width,appropriately increasing throat area of pump body,adopting composite blade combined with long and short blades.Experimental simulation method is used to verify the high efficiency of composite impeller pump and the results show that the energy-saving effect is remarkable;meanwhile the efficiency of composite impeller pump is higher 5.69-10.34 percent than that of ordinary impeller pump with four blades,which increases from 43.80 percent to 49.49-54.14 percent.
Rotodynamic pump
Specific speed
Volumetric efficiency
Axial-flow pump
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This paper describes the optimization of rotary shaft pump performance, which is accomplished by comparing the performance of four different centrifugal rotary pump configurations: hooked blades pump, backward-curved blades ID=12.7mm pump, contoured base pump, and backward-curved blades ID=19.1mm pump. Each of these devices utilizes a unique and simple impeller design where the blades are directly integrated into a shaft with an outer diameter of 25.4mm. Presented for each pump are performance data including volumetric flow rate, pump head, and hydraulic efficiency. When pumping water, the most optimal arrangement with the hooked impeller blades produces a maximum flow rate of 3.22L∕min and a pump head as high as 0.97m.
Axial piston pump
Rotodynamic pump
Axial-flow pump
Specific speed
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The article presents the results of an experimental study of the influence of the number of blades on the pressure-energy characteristics of a multistage centrifugal pump. A vertical submersible multistage centrifugal pump was tested, in which impellers with a different number of blades (6, 7 and 8 blades) were varied. The wheels were manufactured using the latest rapid prototyping technology through SLA printing on high strength polymer resin. The operating speed of the pump was varied at 1450, 2050 and 2850 revolutions per minute (rpm). The effect of different numbers of impeller blades on the performance of a centrifugal pump was investigated on three parameters: pump head (H), hydraulic power and efficiency (η). As a result of the experiments, the dominant influence of the speed on the performance of the centrifugal pump was revealed. It was also found that all pump performance characteristics are generally sensitive to changes in rotational speed, and not to changes in the number of blades. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the flow rate during pump operation plays a key role in head, power and efficiency indicators. The conducted research allowed to conclude that the number of blades does not have a significant impact on the performance of a centrifugal pump.
Rotodynamic pump
Specific speed
Axial piston pump
Axial-flow pump
Volumetric efficiency
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In order to meet the requirements for the rebuilding of a drainage pumping station,a model experimental research on characteristics of vertical axial-flow pump system has been conducted.The vertical axial-flow pump model is comprised of a hydraulic model of specific speed 700,an elbow inlet and a straight outlet conduit.Performance and cavity characteristics of the model pump and the prototype pump are obtained,so is the runaway speed characteristics.At-4° of impeller blades install angle,the maximum efficiency of the model pump is 76.21% with head 6.39m and flow rate 0.298 m3/s.The maximum efficiency of the prototype pump is 83.87% with head 6.00 m and flow rate 25.9 m3/s.At the maximum head,the shaft power of prototype pump is less than 2 300 kW.The hydraulic model and optimal straight outlet conduit meet the operating condition of the pumping station.
Axial-flow pump
Axial piston pump
Electrical conduit
Rotodynamic pump
Hydraulic head
Specific speed
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Preface. Part I: Introduction: Rotodynamic pumps. Performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps. Classification of centrifugal pumps. Part II: Performance factors: Effects of free air in the pumped liquids. Cavitation. Cavitation in centrifugal pumps. Losses of energy. Effects of temperature and viscosity on pump performance. Recirculation. Axial and radial thrusts and balancing. Miscellaneous factors that affect pump performance. Part III: Problems encountered with centrifugal pumps: Testing. Pump performance at reduced NPSH. Pumping system layout. Installation, handling, and operation of pumps and pumping systems. Problems with bearings. Sealing rotating parts. Miscellaneous studies. Problems related to specific circumstances. Special cases that have proven very difficult to solve. Part IV: Solving pump problems: Solving problems prior to visiting the site. Conclusions drawn from visual inspection of failed parts. On-site inspection and testing. Part V: Eliminating pump problems and modifying performance: Remedial methods. Effects of speed and impeller OD on pump performance. Effects of reducing the impeller width. Modifying the casing geometry. Various methods of altering pump performance. Part VI: A glimpse of the future. New findings concerning the mode of operation of rotodynamic impellers. Some future applications of the presented theory. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
NPSH
Specific speed
Axial-flow pump
Rotodynamic pump
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Centrifugal pumps vane geometry plays an important role in pump’s overall performance. Thus, to know the impeller vane geometry effects on the performance of a centrifugal pump are essential from pump’s design point of view. In this study, an experimental investigation is carried out to judge the impeller vane geometry effects on the performance of a centrifugal pump. The performance of three different impeller vane geometries is evaluated in this investigation. To acquire pump performance and characteristics curves, inlet and outlet valves were manually adjusted and the pump’s rpm were varied remotely through computer control. The pressure data were obtained via installed flow rotameter for different flow rates with constant pump speed – 1800 rpm. Experimental data were used to calculate different physical parameters, such as the pump head, water horsepower — the power added to the fluid, power input to the pump–brake horse power, and pump efficiency for each of impeller vane geometries. The pump’s performance curves and the system curves were then plotted for each of the vane geometries. The results show that the pump performance as well as efficiency varies significantly for each of the impeller vane geometries. The results help to understand how to determine appropriate operating conditions and design parameters for different impeller vane geometries for obtaining optimized pump performance.
Rotodynamic pump
Slip factor
Specific speed
Volumetric efficiency
Axial piston pump
Horsepower
Gear pump
Axial-flow pump
Performance Prediction
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Specific speed
Rotodynamic pump
Axial-flow pump
Hydraulic head
Volumetric efficiency
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As compared with a conventional centrifugal pump, a high-specific-speed centrifugal pump mostly operates under large flow conditions. In this paper, a typical high-specific-speed centrifugal pump is examined, and the effect of the blade number on the internal flow condition is investigated numerically. The numerical predictions have been verified through measurement. It was found that the predictions and the measurements are in good agreement of discrepancy. Serious cavitation could be observed within the pump when the flow rate reached 1300 m3/h. Meanwhile, the effect of the blade number on the cavitation intensity was extremely obvious. The cavitation area at the inlet edge of the blades significantly reduced when the blade number increased from three to six. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy within the pump was more uniformly distributed. This demonstrates that the blade number can be reasonably chosen to improve the internal flow pattern within the pump, which could provide a theoretical basis for the practical application of high-specific-speed centrifugal pumps
Specific speed
Internal flow
Rotodynamic pump
Axial-flow pump
Centrifugal fan
Intensity
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Specific speed
Internal flow
Rotodynamic pump
Axial-flow pump
NPSH
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Application of pump out vanes is one of the solutions to reduce hydraulic axial force generated during centrifugal pump operation. This article presents the cause of the occurrence of hydraulic axial force and method of calculating pressure distribution at the rear of the impeller used to design pump out vanes properly. It illustrates results of pump out vanes CFD calculations and its validation by measurements. The article reviews the methods of reducing pressure on the rear wall of the centrifugal pump's rotor using pump out vanes. It presents empirical formulae allowing calculation of pressure depending on the geometrical parameters of the blades. The article presents various design solutions of pump out vanes.
Axial-flow pump
Rotodynamic pump
Axial piston pump
Specific speed
Gear pump
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