Identification of an immunodominant B-cell epitope in bovine type II collagen and the production of antibodies to type II collagen by immunization with a synthetic peptide representing this epitope.
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Using epitope scanning of 272 short, synthetic peptides representing the amino acid sequence of the CB-11 peptide of type II collagen, we have shown that five strains of rat, immunized with type II collagen, produce antibodies to a region 37-45 amino acids from the amino end of CB-11 peptide. Antibodies to this region always gave the highest binding values suggesting that it is an immunodominant region. Wistar rats immunized with a synthetic peptide representing this region, coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, produced antibodies to this peptide which could still be detected at 1:4000 to 1:8000 dilution but none developed clinical arthritis. All sera also showed binding of antibodies to denatured bovine type II collagen but not to native type II collagen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin or to bovine serum albumin by ELISA. Sera from peptide-immunized rats were examined for antibody binding to the 272 short peptides of the CB-11 peptide and to the synthetic peptides representing shortened forms of the immunodominant region and forms of it with substituted amino acids. These results showed that the antibodies in the peptide-immunized rats were not identical to those produced to that peptide by rats immunized with type II collagen but may represent subpopulations of them. These findings suggest caution in interpreting the role of antibodies to individual peptides in arthritis induction without knowledge of their fine specificity.Keywords:
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Type II collagen
Hemocyanin
Linear epitope
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Peptide vaccine
Sequence (biology)
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Several distinct epitopes on human type II collagen were defined by using mAb. The presence of species-specific and species-nonspecific (common) epitopes was thus clarified. Anti-idiotypic mAb (Ab2) was developed against one of the antibodies (Ab1) reactive with species-specific epitopes. Thus Ab2 was demonstrated to recognize an idiotope expressed on the Ag-binding site (paratope) of Ab1, since the binding of Ab1 to human type II collagen was blocked by Ab2, and the binding of Ab2 to Ab1 was inhibited by soluble human type II collagen, but not by murine and bovine type II collagens. DBA/1 mice immunized with Ab2 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin produced an antibody (Ab3) specifically reactive with human type II collagen. It was also demonstrated that Ab3 expressed an idiotype similar to that of Ab1. These findings indicate that anti-idiotypic antibody directed against mAb to human type II collagen mimics a species-specific epitope on human type II collagen. The anti-idiotypic antibody bearing internal image of type II collagen will open the way to isolation of the arthritogenic epitope on type II collagen.
Paratope
Idiotopes
Hemocyanin
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Type II collagen
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Hemocyanin
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Using epitope scanning of 272 short, synthetic peptides representing the amino acid sequence of the CB-11 peptide of type II collagen, we have shown that five strains of rat, immunized with type II collagen, produce antibodies to a region 37-45 amino acids from the amino end of CB-11 peptide. Antibodies to this region always gave the highest binding values suggesting that it is an immunodominant region. Wistar rats immunized with a synthetic peptide representing this region, coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin, produced antibodies to this peptide which could still be detected at 1:4000 to 1:8000 dilution but none developed clinical arthritis. All sera also showed binding of antibodies to denatured bovine type II collagen but not to native type II collagen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin or to bovine serum albumin by ELISA. Sera from peptide-immunized rats were examined for antibody binding to the 272 short peptides of the CB-11 peptide and to the synthetic peptides representing shortened forms of the immunodominant region and forms of it with substituted amino acids. These results showed that the antibodies in the peptide-immunized rats were not identical to those produced to that peptide by rats immunized with type II collagen but may represent subpopulations of them. These findings suggest caution in interpreting the role of antibodies to individual peptides in arthritis induction without knowledge of their fine specificity.
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Type II collagen
Hemocyanin
Linear epitope
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SUMMARY The purpose of the study was to map the dominant T cell epitope of the CB11 sequence of CII in RT1u haplotype rats and to determine if, when used as a synthetic peptide, it would induce tolerance to protect against CIA. A dominant epitope corresponding to residues 184–198 included in the sequence of the CB11 fragment of bovine CII was identified in proliferation assay using peptides in an epitope scanning system using synthetic peptides of 15 amino acids, overlapping by 12 amino acids. This epitope is bovine-specific, but cross-reacts with the corresponding rat peptide. Minor epitopes in the bovine CB11 sequence were also autoantigenic. Use of independently synthesized and purified 184–198 peptide confirmed its dominance in the T cell responses of arthritic rats. The peptide itself was not arthritogenic. Cells from lymph nodes draining arthritic feet were particularly responsive to the dominant peptide sequence, and showed evidence of epitope spreading to include reactions to at least four subdominant epitopes. Mucosal tolerance was successfully induced by instilling CII into the nose of rats before induction of CIA; this was found to delay the onset of disease, reduce mean disease severity, shift the anti-CII antibody response to favour antibodies of the IgGl, rather than the IgG2b isiotype, and to reduce T cell reactivity to both CII and to the 184–198 peptide. The dominant 184–198 peptide itself had the same tolerogenic effects when given nasally to rats daily, on the 4 days immediately preceding the induction of CIA. Two forms of CIA with acute and delayed disease onset were each modified by pre-treatment with the peptide. This study demonstrates that mucosal tolerance to CII can be induced by delivering it nasally in a way similar to that achieved previously by oral delivery, and that the use of an immunodominant epitope contained in a synthetic peptide will also suppress the immunologic and arthritic responses to collagen.
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In order to study the idiotypic relationships between the antibody populations produced in different species during normal immune responses to ordinary protein Ag, we raised immune sera in mice and chickens by using three protein Ag: BSA, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and diphtheria toxoid. An avidin-biotin ELISA was used to measure idiotypic binding between antibody populations from these sera. We found that the chicken sera contained auto-anti-idiotypes (AAI) against Ag-specific antibodies that were present in the same serum and that co-purified with those antibodies on Ag-Sepharose columns. These AAI were present in secondary response chicken anti-BSA serum at levels comparable with those of the anti-BSA antibody. The chicken AAI also react specifically with Id in mouse anti-BSA serum. The mouse anti-BSA serum completely inhibits the binding between the chicken Id and AAI. This similarity between the Id of whole populations of antibodies produced in two distantly related species, in the absence of any manipulation with idiotypic or anti-idiotypic reagents, suggests that the AAI detected in this way are internal image antibodies. It indicates there is positive selection for such AAI to be internal images.
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Bovine serum albumin
Immunoglobulin Idiotypes
Hemocyanin
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Aim To analyze conserved region amino acid sequences of human adenovirus (HAdV) hexon, and to synthesize conserved peptides and prepare anti-peptide antibodies, then to determine intertype-specific epitopes. Methods HAdV hexons were analyzed with ClustalX and Antheprot softwares, so as to determine conserved regions and analyze their antigenicity. Conserved peptides were synthesized and rabbits were immunized with the synthetic peptides to prepare anti-peptide antibodies. The reactivities between anti-peptide antibodies and HAdV were determined by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and Western blot. Results According to conserved regions of HAdV-2 hexon, 9 peptides were selected and subdivided into three groups to immunize rabbits, obtaining three groups of anti-peptide antibodies. All anti-peptide antibodies at a dilution of 1∶1 000 reacted specifically with hexon subunit of relative molecular mass (Mr) 116 000 in lysates of HAdV-3, -4, -7-infected cells. Characteristic fluorescence in virus-infected cells was shown with anti-peptide antibodies. Of the three group anti-peptide antibodies, 7 antibodies could crossreact to all three types of HAdV by IFA. Conclusion The synthesized conserved region peptides can elicit the production of anti-peptide antibodies and these antibodies can crossreact to HAdV-3, -4, -7. It is feasible to predict epitopes by software analysis and then prepare anti-peptide antibodies.
Antigenicity
Conserved sequence
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Antigenicity
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Hemocyanin
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Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Hemocyanin
Immunofluorescence
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Keyhole limpet hemocyanin
Bovine serum albumin
Hemocyanin
Thioether
Disulfide Linkage
Human serum albumin
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