One-pot controllable synthesis of carboxylic group functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres for efficient cisplatin delivery
Zohreh Jomeh FarsangiAli BeitollahiBenjamin D. HattonS. SarkarM R JaafariM RezayatAmir AmaniFatemeh Gheybi
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A simple one-pot synthesis and functionalization of HMSNs with COOH as a sustained and controlled release drug delivery system.Dispersity
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Mesoporous silica with different morphological structure had been prepared using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as co-surfactant templates and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as silica source. Variation on the morphological structure can be achieved by adjusting the solution conditions. The mesoporous silica with varied morphologies and pore structures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Based on experimental results, the mesoporous silica morphologies including vesicle-like and hollow nanospheres with mesoporous shell has been proposed. It was also observed a transformation from vesicle-like silica to hollow nanospheres with mesoporous shell by regulating the solution conditions.
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This review details the recent advancements in the design of mesoporous silica nanomaterials for controlled release drug, gene and neurotransmitter delivery applications. The high surface area (>900 m2/g), tunable pore diameter (2–20 nm) and uniform mesoporous structure (hexagonal channels or cubic pores) of the mesoporous silicas offer a unique advantage for loading and releasing large quantities of biomedical agents. Recent breakthroughs in controlling the particle size and shape of these materials have greatly improved the biocompatibility and the cellular uptake efficiency. The strategy of using various removable capping moieties, such as photo- or redox-responsive organic groups, inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers and polymers, to encapsulate guest biomolecules inside the porous matrices further enables the utilization of these surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanomaterials for stimuli-responsive controlled release in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the reviewed studies, many new and exciting applications of these novel materials will soon be realized.
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Carboxymethyl cellulose
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Mesoporous silica materials with a variety of morphologies, such as monodisperse microspheres, gigantic hollow structures comprising a thin shell with a hole, and gigantic hollow structures consisting of an outer thin shell and an inner layer composed of many small spheres, have been readily synthesized in mixed water−ethanol solvents at room temperature using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template. The obtained mesoporous silica generally shows a disordered mesostructure with typical average pore sizes ranging from 3.1 to 3.8 nm. The effects of the water-to-ethanol volume ratio (r), the volume content of tetraethyl orthosilicate TEOS (x), and the CTAB concentration in the solution on the final morphology of the mesoporous silica products have been investigated. The growth process of gigantic hollow shells of mesoporous silica through templating emulsion droplets of TEOS in mixed water−ethanol solution has been monitored directly with optical microscopy. Generally, the morphology of mesoporous silica can be regulated from microspheres through gigantic hollow structures composed of small spheres to gigantic hollow structures with a thin shell by increasing the water-to-ethanol volume ratio, increasing the TEOS volume content, or decreasing the CTAB concentration. A plausible mechanism for the morphological regulation of mesoporous silica by adjusting various experimental parameters has been put forward by considering the existing state of the unhydrolyzed and partially hydrolyzed TEOS in the synthesis system.
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The synthesis of mesoporous silica with variable pore sizes was carried out for the purpose of controlled drug release study. Mesoporous silica containing three-dimensional cagelike structures was prepared by the simple hydrothermal method using triblock copolymer Pluronic F-127 as the template and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source. The synthesized samples of plain and modified mesoporous silica were compared to measure the drug release ability of ibuprofen. The effect of cosurfactants, temperature, and different salts on the pore structure of the materials were also observed. The surface property enhancement of mesoporous silica was contributed by controlling its pore morphology. The materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and UV-Visible spectroscopy and later used for the ibuprofen release study. The results indicated that the modified mesoporous silica with increased pore diameter showed increased storage capacity and high pH-responsive release behavior as compared to the plain mesoporous silica.
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A facile method for introducing mesoporous silica sublayer onto the surface of a ceramic membrane for use in liquid-phase separation is described. To reduce the electrostatic repulsion between the mesoporous silica sol and the ceramic membrane in highly acidic conditions (pH < 2), thus facilitating the approach of hydrolyzed silica sol to the surface of the membrane, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (Na+PSS-, denoted as PSS-) was used as an ionic linker. The use of PSS- led to a significant reduction in positive charge on the ceramic membrane, as confirmed by experimental titration data. Consistent with the titration results, the amount of mesoporous silica particles on the surface of the ceramic membrane was low, in the absence of PSS- treatment, whereas mesoporous silica sublayer with hierarchical pore structure was produced, when 1 wt % PSS- was used. The results show that mesoporous silica grows in the confined surface, eventually forming a multistacked surface architecture. The mesoporous silica sublayer contained uniform, ordered (P6mm) mesopores of ca. 7.5 nm from mesoporous silica as well as macropores (∼μm) from interparticle voids, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The morphologies of the supported mesoporous silica could be manipulated, thus permitting the generation of uniform needlelike forms or uniform spheroid particles by varying the concentration of PSS-.
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