Comparative experimental study of fire-resistance ratings of timber assemblies with different fire protection measures
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Abstract:
This article presents the results of a comparative experimental study to investigate the effects of using three different fire protection measures to improve the fire endurance of timber assembly. The three fire protection measures were fire-retardant intumescent coating, gypsum plasterboard and filling the timber assembly void with mineral wool. The fire-resistance period obtained from the fire endurance tests was based on the integrity and the insulation criteria. Compared to the reference timber assembly without any fire protection (fire-resistance time = 37 min), the increases in fire resistance using the three different fire protection measures were 6 min (16%), 37 min (100%) and 142 min (384%) for using intumescent coating (specimen F2), 12-mm-thick gypsum plasterboard (specimen F4) and infill mineral wool (F3), respectively. The specific intumescent coating used in the test failed to expand. Therefore, this specimen (F2) behaved very similarly with the control specimen (F1) without any fire protection. Attaching an additional layer of gypsum plasterboard to the timber assembly on the fire-exposed side improved the fire-resistance rating by about 30 min, which is higher than that obtained from using the current design guidance such as Eurocode EN 1995-1-2. Among these three fire protection methods, filling the void between the top and bottom timber boards gave the best result because the mineral wool not only provided insulation but also stopped direct flame attack of the timber board on the unexposed side.Keywords:
Intumescent
Mineral wool
Fire performance
Cross laminated timber
A new type of intumescent fire-retardant coating was developed.The effect of various components was compared and analyzed,and the principles was discussed.Thus the best formulation has been confirmed.The fire-resistant time achieves 76 min,which is 20 min longer than that in GB124411998.The performances of this intumescent fire-retardant coating are accordance with all national standards.The water-solubility and the fire resistent performance of the coating are well;its stability is excellent and it is advantageous to environmental protection.The coating facilitates to operate and is satisfactory to work.
Intumescent
Fire performance
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Intumescent Fire Retardant (IFR) coating has been in the industries for quite a long while for its enhancement under thermal performance protection for substrates used in systems like pipelines and building materials. The IFR coating consists of basic ‘active’ ingredients which have become the standards for any research regarding IFR coating system. In the meantime, materials such as Kaolin Clay and Wollastonite has been in research for some years in objective for these materials can enhance properties for the IFR coating.
This Final Year Project focus on the studies of the synergistic effects of Wollastonite and Kaolin Clay reinforced intumescent fire-retardant coating for wood protection. A few formulations of IFR coating were prepared with and without the presents of wollastonite and kaolin clay. The substrates were coated with the IFR coatings and cured for 24 hours. The test samples were tested for their char expansion and the percentage differences of average temperature of the IFR coating formulations was calculated.
Intumescent
Wollastonite
Fireproofing
Fire performance
Fire test
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This article presents the results of a comparative experimental study to investigate the effects of using three different fire protection measures to improve the fire endurance of timber assembly. The three fire protection measures were fire-retardant intumescent coating, gypsum plasterboard and filling the timber assembly void with mineral wool. The fire-resistance period obtained from the fire endurance tests was based on the integrity and the insulation criteria. Compared to the reference timber assembly without any fire protection (fire-resistance time = 37 min), the increases in fire resistance using the three different fire protection measures were 6 min (16%), 37 min (100%) and 142 min (384%) for using intumescent coating (specimen F2), 12-mm-thick gypsum plasterboard (specimen F4) and infill mineral wool (F3), respectively. The specific intumescent coating used in the test failed to expand. Therefore, this specimen (F2) behaved very similarly with the control specimen (F1) without any fire protection. Attaching an additional layer of gypsum plasterboard to the timber assembly on the fire-exposed side improved the fire-resistance rating by about 30 min, which is higher than that obtained from using the current design guidance such as Eurocode EN 1995-1-2. Among these three fire protection methods, filling the void between the top and bottom timber boards gave the best result because the mineral wool not only provided insulation but also stopped direct flame attack of the timber board on the unexposed side.
Intumescent
Mineral wool
Fire performance
Cross laminated timber
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This chapter reviews the applications of intumescence in the field of fire protection (resistance to fire) and fire retardancy (reaction to fire) of material. It starts describing the basics of intumescence and gives the main intumescent products available on the market associated with their typical application's fields. It covers the reaction to fire of intumescent polymers and textiles including the latest developments of flame retardants as well as synergists. Resistance to fire is also considered using intumescent coating at the large and reduced scale. Mechanisms of action are always discussed considering the chemical, physical and thermal aspects.
Intumescent
Flame spread
Radiant heat
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Graphene (GR) was used as filler to improve the performance of fire resistance, thermal stability, smoke suppression of waterborne intumescent fire-retardant coating. The influence of graphene (GR) on the properties of the intumescent fire-retardant coating was studied by fire protection test, TGA, SEM and smoke density test. The results showed that the GR can effectively enhanced the performance of fire resistance and thermal stability of the coating. The result of SEM test indicated the coating with GR had excellent intumescent effect and enhanced foam structure. The smoke density test of the coating demonstrated the coating contain GR had excellent performance of smoke suppression.
Intumescent
Thermal Stability
Fire performance
Filler (materials)
Fire test
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An intumescent water-based finishing fire- retardant coating was prepared using expandable graphite (EG) as physical expandable system. The effects of expandable graphite and its combination with synergetic flame retardants on the performance of intumescent finishing fire-retardant coating were analyzed using small-scale chamber test method, cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the structure of the intumescent carbon layer is modified by incorporation of EG and the fire resistance of the coating is improved obviously. The fire resistance time of the coating obtained with 3.5 g 80-mesh EG reaches 33 min, showing the best anti-fire performance. The combination of EG and synergetic flame retardants reduces the amount of smoke released during the combustion of coating. The peak value of smoke production rate of the coating prepared with EG and SnO 2 with a mass ratio of 1:1 is reduced by 78.4% as compared with that of the coating only containing EG, showing the best smoke suppression property.
Intumescent
Cone calorimeter
Fire performance
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In modern architecture,the use of fire-resistant coating is very common to become an important component part of the building.Building in the use of fire retardant paint,you can prevent and mitigate fire occurred,and thus keeping the effective protection of people's lives and property safety.This paper introduces the research status of fire-resistant coating for steel construction,finishes,cables and prestressed concrete floor,briefly introduces the non-intumescent and intumescent flame retardant mechanism of the two fire-resistant coating,and our country fire-resistant coating development trends are analyzed,pointing out that the multi-functional and environmentally friendly fire-resistant coating is the focus of future research.
Intumescent
Environmentally Friendly
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It is necessary to study fire safety in buildings because the lack of knowledge in the behavior of materials has taken too many lives. However, this field has designed innovating construction systems and materials such as structural insulated panels (SIP), this is a much more practical alternative for fastest constructions, reducing the amount of material waste, offering cleaner and lighter works, its thermal insulation properties in possible fires and better durability in construction in the account of the various internal compositions. The objective of this article is to evaluate and analyze the fire resistance of two SIP for dividing and structural walls, made up of a core of expanded polystyrene (EPS) with dimensions of 3150 × 3000 mm, one covered with cement board and the other one covered with gypsum plasterboard, both are treated with intumescent paint. The samples were exposed to the fire curve based on the ISO 834: 2014 standard and then analyzed and compared with each other. The obtained results indicate the incorporation of gypsum plasterboards provides a gain of 45 min of resistance to fire, compared to the system it only contains cement board, positively influencing gypsum in the stability and property of the thermal insulation of the panels. Likewise, it was found that intumescent coatings application effectively helps to give the SIP greater protection against fire.
Intumescent
Expanded polystyrene
Fire performance
Polystyrene
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