Endocervical chlamydial infection in women with gonorrhoea.
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Eighty six women attending Middle Road Hospital with endocervical gonococcal infection were evaluated. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 27% of them. Women co-infected with C. trachomatis were similar to those with gonococcal infection alone in terms of demography, type of sexual contact, previous sexually transmitted disease, genitourinary symptoms, and clinical signs.Keywords:
Gonococcal infection
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Contact tracing
Chlamydial infection
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Eighty six women attending Middle Road Hospital with endocervical gonococcal infection were evaluated. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 27% of them. Women co-infected with C. trachomatis were similar to those with gonococcal infection alone in terms of demography, type of sexual contact, previous sexually transmitted disease, genitourinary symptoms, and clinical signs.
Gonococcal infection
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Contact tracing
Chlamydial infection
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Chlamydia are common agents of sexually transmitted diseases and in this country more frequent than Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Approximately 10% of all infections with chlamydia trachomatis are followed by complications, which can lead to infertility and other sequelae. Therefore, early recognition of the infection and subsequent effective therapy are important. The dermatologist is often the first physician consulted and the outcome of the infection may depend on his diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The experienced microbiologist can provide an etiologic diagnosis. For this, isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in optimally performed tissue culture still is the most sensitive and specific method. Currently available commercial IF- and ELISA-tests for direct detection of the agent in secretions are less sensitive and less specific.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Isolation
Chlamydial infection
Gonococcal infection
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The objective was to determine how often gonococcal (GC) infection is accompanied by chlamydial co-infection and to determine risk factors for dual infection. All GC-positive cultures were identified between 24 April and 9 September 1998, among patients seen at the three genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics across the Chelsea and Westminster Directorate. Chlamydia trachomatis was diagnosed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Dade-Behring). One hundred and fifty-three episodes of gonorrhoea were identified. Information on chlamydial infection was available for 149 cases of GC of whom 16 (10.7%) were found to be co-infected with C. trachomatis. In univariate analysis, chlamydial co-infection was exclusively diagnosed in heterosexuals, and was more likely to be diagnosed among females, in younger individuals and in individuals of black Caribbean ethnic group. In multivariable analyses, however, only the sex and age of the individual were independently associated with chlamydial co-infection. The rate of co-infection was 10.7%. Independent risk factors were being less than 20 years old and being female.
Chlamydial infection
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Univariate analysis
Gonococcal infection
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measurement would not be useful as a marker of cerebral damage.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonococcal infection
Sex organ
Chlamydial infection
Neisseria
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Men who have sex with men (MSM) who have a current or recent history of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infection are at greater risk for HIV than MSM with no history of rectal infection. Screening and treating MSM for rectal CT/GC infection may help reduce any increased biological susceptibility to HIV infection.We used 2 versions of a Markov state-transition model to examine the impact and cost-effectiveness of screening MSM for rectal CT/GC infection in San Francisco: a static version that included only the benefits to those screened and a dynamic version that accounted for population-level impacts of screening. HIV prevention through reduced susceptibility to HIV was the only potential benefit of rectal CT/GC screening that we included in our analysis. Parameter values were based on San Francisco program data and the literature.In the base case, the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained through screening MSM for rectal CT/GC infection was $16,300 in the static version of the model. In the dynamic model, the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained was less than $0, meaning that rectal screening was cost-saving. The impact of rectal CT/GC infection on the risk of HIV acquisition was the most influential model parameter.Although more information is needed regarding the impact of rectal CT/GC screening on HIV incidence, rectal CT/GC screening of MSM can potentially be a cost-effective, scalable intervention targeted to at-risk MSM in certain urban settings such as San Francisco.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections among male patients with gonococcal urethritis in the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic at UTH, Lusaka, was determined by two methods to be around 4.7%. Methods used were specific for C. trachomatis (Syva Microtrak), and second isolation of C. trachomatis. The results indicate that with a prevalence rate of 4-7% for concurrent gonococcal and chlamydial infection, it is not financially or medically practical to treat all cases of gonorrhoea in Zambia for possible chlamydial infection, as is advocated in some countries. The findings further suggest that the commercially available Syva Microtrak test should probably be considered positive when one or two monoclonal-stained elementary bodies are seen, rather than ten, to avoid false-negative results.
Gonococcal infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Chlamydial infection
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Non-gonococcal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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Inadequate treatment and follow-up of women with genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause long-term morbidity. Inadequate contact tracing can predispose to re-infection. As some women with genital infections present to agencies other than genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, improved liaison between these and GUM departments are important in safeguarding proper follow-up and contact tracing.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Contact tracing
Genitourinary medicine
Sex organ
Venereology
Gonococcal infection
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