[Disease burden of leukemia in the Chinese population, in 1990 and 2013].
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To analyze the disease burden of leukemia in the Chinese population, in 1990 and 2013.Data related to province-specific disease burden in China was used to analyze and compare related parameters as incidence, mortality, the disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) on leukemia in China in 1990 and 2013. Standardized mortality rates of leukemia in each province in 2013 and the changes since 1990, were described.In 2013, the standardized incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in China were 6.70/100 000 and 4.05/100 000, with reduction of 8.84% and 36.22% when compared with those in 1990, respectively. The standardized DALY rate and YLL rate appeared as 174.58/100 000 and 170.42/100 000 in 2013, with 44.68% and 45.32% reduction, respectively, when compared with the figures in 1990. The standardized YLD rate of leukemia in 2013 was 4.16/100 000, with an 6.94% increase, comparing with that in 1990. Age-specific data showed that the proportion of people who died from leukemia among those who died from all the cancers was more than 10% in people under 35 years old. DALY rate of leukemia was highest among children aged 5 years old and under, which appeared as 317.61/100 000. Compared with those in 1990, the standardized mortality of leukemia appeared decreasing in all the provinces in 2013. The top three provinces with the highest standardized mortality of leukemia in 2013 were Xinjiang (4.72/100 000), Ningxia (4.56/100 000) and Fujian (4.50/100 000).Although the standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, DALY rate and YLL rate due to leukemia decreased, YLD rate due to leukemia increased. Proportions of children and adolescents who died from leukemia remained high. Although the standardized mortalities of leukemia decreased in all the provinces, the differences among them still remained.Keywords:
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Standardized mortality ratio
To analyze the disease burden of leukemia in the Chinese population, in 1990 and 2013.Data related to province-specific disease burden in China was used to analyze and compare related parameters as incidence, mortality, the disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) on leukemia in China in 1990 and 2013. Standardized mortality rates of leukemia in each province in 2013 and the changes since 1990, were described.In 2013, the standardized incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in China were 6.70/100 000 and 4.05/100 000, with reduction of 8.84% and 36.22% when compared with those in 1990, respectively. The standardized DALY rate and YLL rate appeared as 174.58/100 000 and 170.42/100 000 in 2013, with 44.68% and 45.32% reduction, respectively, when compared with the figures in 1990. The standardized YLD rate of leukemia in 2013 was 4.16/100 000, with an 6.94% increase, comparing with that in 1990. Age-specific data showed that the proportion of people who died from leukemia among those who died from all the cancers was more than 10% in people under 35 years old. DALY rate of leukemia was highest among children aged 5 years old and under, which appeared as 317.61/100 000. Compared with those in 1990, the standardized mortality of leukemia appeared decreasing in all the provinces in 2013. The top three provinces with the highest standardized mortality of leukemia in 2013 were Xinjiang (4.72/100 000), Ningxia (4.56/100 000) and Fujian (4.50/100 000).Although the standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, DALY rate and YLL rate due to leukemia decreased, YLD rate due to leukemia increased. Proportions of children and adolescents who died from leukemia remained high. Although the standardized mortalities of leukemia decreased in all the provinces, the differences among them still remained.
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Objective: To analyze the trend of the incidence, mortality and disease burden of breast cancer in women in China during 1990-2017. Methods: Based on the estimation of data in China from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD2017), the incidence,mortality, disability- adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) on breast cancer for women in China during 1990-2017 were standardized by the world standard population used for GBD2017. The GBD study applied the attributable burden formula to estimate the attributable deaths by five risk factors of breast cancer, including alcohol use, high body mass index (BMI), high fasting plasma glucose, low physical activity and tobacco smoking. The incidence, mortality, attributable deaths and the disease burden due to breast cancer in women in China were analyzed. Results: In 2017, a total of 357.6 thousand female breast cancer cases, including 84.8 thousand deaths, were reported in China, with the age-standardized incidence rate of 35.62/100 000, which increased by 286.18%, 114.14% and 88.77% respectively compared with 1990. The age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 8.57/100 000 in 1990 to 7.84 /100 000 in 2007, then increased to 8.71 /100 000 in 2015, and then decreased to 8.47/100 000 in 2017. The mortality of breast cancer increased with age in 1990 and 2017. From 1990 to 2017, the trend of standardized DALY rate and standardized YLL rate were the same as that of standardized mortality, while the standardized YLD rate and the proportion of YLD in DALY increased year by year. In 2017, the standardized DALY rate, standardized YLL rate and standardized YLD rate of breast cancer were 253.00/100 000, 228.96/100 000, and 24.05/100 000, respectively. Compared with 1990, the change rates were -6.88% and -11.73% and 95.85% respectively. The proportion of breast cancer deaths attributable to high BMI increased significantly by 165.76%, from 5.49% in 1990 to 14.59% in 2017. The proportion of breast cancer deaths attributable to alcohol use and high fasting blood glucose increased; and the proportion of breast cancer deaths attributed to low physical activity and smoking remained stable. In 2017, the three provinces with the highest age-standardized mortality rate of female breast cancer were Hongkong (9.93/100 000), Guangxi (9.52/100 000) and Liaoning (9.49/100 000). Compared with 1990, the age-standardized mortality of 19 provinces decreased, and Beijing (-27.17%), Macao (-26.06%) and Jilin (-23.89%) had the fastest decrease. The two provinces with the highest growth rates were Hebei (28.85%) and Henan (24.34%). Conclusions: The disease burden of female breast cancer in China increased during 1990-2017. Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.目的： 分析1990-2017年我国女性乳腺癌发病、死亡及其疾病负担的变化趋势。 方法： 利用2017年全球疾病负担（GBD）中国分省研究结果，采用GBD2017世界标准人口对发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）率、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）率和伤残损失寿命年（YLD）率进行标化，采用归因负担公式来估计饮酒、高BMI、高FPG、低体力活动和吸烟这5个乳腺癌危险因素的归因死亡数。分析1990-2017年我国女性乳腺癌发病、死亡及其造成的疾病负担及归因死亡数的变化情况。 结果： 2017年中国女性乳腺癌发病人数、死亡人数和标化发病率分别为35.76万、8.48万和35.62/10万，较1990年分别增长了286.18%、114.14%和88.77%。标化死亡率从1990年的8.57/10万逐年降至2007年的7.84/10万然后又逐年升至2015年的8.71/10万，而后又下降至2017年的8.47/10万。1990年与2017年中国女性乳腺癌的死亡率随年龄增加而上升，≥80岁最高。1990-2017年DALY标化率和YLL标化率的变化趋势与标化死亡率相同，而YLD标化率及YLD占DALY比例则是逐年递增。2017年乳腺癌DALY标化率、YLL标化率和YLD标化率分别为253.00/10万、228.96/10万和24.05/10万，与1990年相比各自变化率分别为-6.88%、-11.73%和95.85%。与1990年相比，2017年我国可归因于高BMI的乳腺癌死亡比例增加了165.76%，从5.49%增至14.59%；可归因于饮酒和高FPG的乳腺癌死亡比例有所增加；可归因于低体力活动和吸烟的乳腺癌死亡比例基本保持稳定。2017年我国女性乳腺癌标化死亡率最高的3个省份分别为香港特别行政区（9.93/10万）、广西壮族自治区（9.52/10万）和辽宁省（9.49/10万）；与1990年相比有19个省份的标化死亡率出现下降，降低率最高的3个省份为北京市（-27.17%）、澳门特别行政区（-26.06%）和吉林省（-23.89%）；增长率最高的2个省份是河北省（28.85%）和河南省（24.34%）。 结论： 我国女性乳腺癌的疾病负担在1990-2017年间不断加重，需要不断加强乳腺癌的防治工作。.
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To study the burden of pediatric cancer in Jiangxi, China, in 2010 and 2015 and its changes from 2010 to 2015.The data of pediatric cancer in Jiangxi in 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 in China, including number of cases, number of deaths, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, and DALY rate were calculated with the national census data in 2010 as the standard population, in order to evaluate the changes in incidence, mortality, and disease burden of pediatric cancer in Jiangxi.In both 2010 and 2015, boys had higher numbers of cases, deaths, and DALY than girls, and the 5-14 years group had higher numbers than the 0-4 years group; boys had higher incidence rate, mortality rate, and DALY rate than girls, and the 0-4 years group had higher rates than the 5-14 years group. In 2015, the standardized incidence rate of pediatric cancer was reduced by 6.66% in the 0-4 years group and 17.56% in the 5-14 years group; the standardized mortality rate was reduced by 11.34% in the 0-4 years group and 21.78% in the 5-14 years group; the standardized DALY rate was reduced by 11.27% in the 0-4 years group and 21.67% in the 5-14 years group. Among the different types of pediatric cancer, leukemia had the highest standardized DALY rate in 2010 and 2015, followed by brain cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.There was a certain reduction in the burden of pediatric cancer in Jiangxi from 2010 to 2015. Leukemia, brain cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are the focus of prevention and treatment, and children aged less than 5 years and boys should be closely monitored.
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Objective To understand the sex and age specific prevalence,mortality and burden of disease of viral hepatitis A,B,C and E in China during the past 20 years. Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted on the sex and age specific prevalence,mortality and other disease burden indicators of viral hepatitis A,B,C and E in China by using the data from China viral hepatitis survey in Global Burden of Disease Study 2010( GBD 2010),which were standardized according to the standardized population data in China in 2010. Results In 1990,a total of 5 912 987. 44 cases of viral hepatitis,including33 267. 39 deaths were reported in China with the standardized prevalence of 42 903. 75 /10 million and standardized mortalityof 348. 06 /10 million,the disability-adjusted life years( DALY) and standardized DALY rate were 1 480 678. 28 person-years and 13 841. 84 person years /10 million respectively,the years of life lost due to premature mortality( YLL) and standardized YLL rate were 1 366 636. 53 person years and 13 016. 86 person years /10 million respectively,and the years lived with disability( YLD) and standardized YLD rate were 114 041. 75 person years and 825. 15 person years /10 million,respectively.In 2010,the cases,standardized prevalence,deaths,YLD,and standardized YLD rate increased by 10. 40%,10. 09%,24. 01%,8. 12% and 7. 70%; respectively, but standardized mortality, DALY, standardized DALY rate, YLL and standardized YLL rate declined by 2. 37%,2. 63%,25. 34%,3. 64% and 28. 26% respectively. For hepatitis A,except the increase of cases and YLD in the group ≥15 years,all the indicators showed a downward trend in all the other age groups during the past 20 years. The prevalence rate and DALY rate of hepatitis A were high in age group 5 years,which were73 523. 00 /10 million and 5023. 00 person years /10 million in 1990 and 73 333. 00 /10 million and 1935 person years /10 million in 2010. The prevalence of hepatitis B declined with age,but the mortality increased substantially. The case number of hepatitis B was highest in age group 15- 49 years,but the prevalence was lowest. The DALY of hepatitis B in age group50- 69 years increased rapidly during the past 20 years,which was 507 041. 40 person-year in 2010,highest in all age groups.The prevalence of hepatitis C was high in age groups 15- 49 years and 50- 69 years,and the mortality of hepatitis C was high in age group≥70 years,which increased from 33. 40 /10 million in 1990 to 52. 80 /10 million in 2010,an increase of 36. 74%.For hepatitis E,the prevalence and YLD rate in age groups 5 years and 5- 14 years increased during the past 20 years,but the other indicators declined. All the indicators of hepatitis E in age groups 50- 69 years and ≥ 70 years showed an upward trend during the past 20 years,the prevalence,mortality and DALY increased by 36. 03%,20. 10% and 53. 82% respectively in age group 50- 69 years and 30. 48%,31. 96% and 58. 38% respectively in age group of ≥70 years. Conclusion It is necessary to take effective measures for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis according to the sex and age specific prevalence and mortality of viral hepatitis.
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To analyze and compare burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China, 1990 and 2010.The indicators including prevalence, death, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted of life years (DALY) of malignant tumor from the results of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 were used to calculate the standardized prevalence rate, mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate with the 2010 national census data. The research described the prevalence, death, and burden of disease caused by malignant tumor and analyze the trend of these indicators in 1990 and 2010 in China.In China from 1990 to 2010, the standardized prevalence rate of malignant tumor increased from 529.76/100 000 to 749.57/100 000 (increased by 41.49%); the standardized mortality rate decreased from 196.57/100 000 to 169.88/100 000 (decreased by 13.58%); the standardized DALY rate decreased from 5 206.56/100 000 to 4 150.86/100 000. In 2010, the top five standardized DALY rate of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their standardized DALY rate were 892.21/100 000, 787.40/100 000, 521.36/100 000, 303.95/100 000, and 269.94/100 000, respectively. In all kind of malignant tumors, the burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate. The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer increased from 34.78/100 000 in 1990 to 41.09/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate increased from 830.77/100 000 in 1990 to 892.21/100 000 in 2010. The burden of disease of gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer decreased from 39.65/100 000 in 1990 to 23.79/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate decreased from 968.96/100 000 in 1990 to 521.36/100 000 in 2010.The burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China remained at high levels in 2010. The top five burden of disease of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate and gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate from 1990 to 2010 in China. Prevention and control of malignant tumor was still difficult.
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Health and education are two closely related factors that affect human development. A limited number of studies have been conducted in China, most of which have been based on small sample sizes and with inconsistent results. The study investigates the association between mortality rate and educational level in China based on the sixth national population census in 2010.This is large-scale population study based on the nationally administrated data sets of population census in 2010, 2000 and 1990. The 2010 census covered a total population of 1 332 810,869 in China.In general, standardized mortality rate decreased as educational level increased. The standardized mortality rate is higher among males than among females with equivalent educational levels. The standardized mortality rate in all the educational groups declined to varying degrees from 1990. 2000 to 2010. The standardised mortality rate declined with increasing educational levels from no education to university undergraduate groups in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The standardized mortality rate declined as the degree of education increased in cities, towns, and villages, but gradually increased at the same educational level from cities, towns, to villages in general. The difference in each region is considerable and the population quality of the developed area is generally high. The percentage of the uneducated population to the total population aged 15 years and over (%) was positively correlated with the standardized mortality rate. By contrast, the percentage of the population with a high school education to the total population aged 6 years and over (%) was negatively correlated with the standardized mortality rate.We found that educational level was negatively correlated with the mortality rate. The crude and standardized death rate is lower among individuals with higher educational level. Together with previous research findings, this study indicates that improving total population education attainment remains an important challenge that requires imperative action, while reducing educational inequities remains crucial for the government.
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Objective: To investigate the current status and changes of disease burden of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in 1990 and 2016 for Beijing people. Methods: Using the results of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to describe deaths status and disease burden of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing. The measurement index included the total deaths, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted years (DALY). Using the average world population from 2000 to 2025 as standard population to calculate the age-standardized mortality rate, DALY rate, YLL rate and YLD rate. Results: The age-standardized mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases was 209.24 per 100 000. In 2016, DALY, YLL and YLD of cardio-cerebrovascular was 875.6, 733.6 and 142.0 thousand person-years, respectively, which has increased by 58.05%, 44.24% and 213.47%, respectively, than that in 1990. The age-standardized DALY rate and age-standardized YLL rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in 2016 was 3 552.24 and 2 988.01 per 100 000 which has decreased by 47.90% and 52.43%, respectively, than that in 1990. The age-standardized YLD rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in 2016 was 564.23 per 100 000 which increased by 5.10% than that in 1990. In 2016, the total death of cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease was 17.6 thousand and 23.7 thousand, respectively. DALY was 396.3 and 393.6 thousand person-years in 2016, while 330.2 and 162.7 thousand person-years in 1990, which has increased by 20.02% and 141.92%, respectively. Conclusions: The disease burden of cardio-cerebrovascular disease is serious, especially the burden of cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. The disability burden of cerebrovascular disease is serious. The disease burden of ischemic heart disease has multiplied.目的： 调查1990年和2016年北京市心脑血管疾病负担及其变化情况。 方法： 利用2016年全球疾病负担研究数据，分析1990年和2016年北京市心脑血管疾病死亡情况和疾病负担。主要指标包括死亡人数、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）、伤残损失寿命年（YLD）和伤残调整寿命年（DALY），同时使用2000—2025年世界人口的平均人口作为标准人口，计算标化死亡率、DALY率、YLL率和YLD率。 结果： 2016年，北京市居民心脑血管病标化死亡率为209.24/10万；心脑血管病DALY、YLL和YLD分别为87.56、73.36和14.20万人年，较1990年分别增加了58.05%、44.24%和213.47%；标化DALY率和标化YLL率分别为3 552.24/10万和2 988.01/10万，较1990年分别下降47.90%和52.43%，标化YLD率为564.23/10万，较1990年增加5.10%。2016年，脑血管疾病和缺血性心脏病的死亡数分别为1.76万例和2.37万例；DALY分别为39.63和39.36万人年，较1990年（DALY分别为33.02和16.27万人年）分别增加20.02%和141.92%。 结论： 北京市心脑血管疾病负担重，其中以脑血管疾病和缺血性心脏病最为显著；脑血管疾病的伤残负担严重，缺血性心脏病的疾病负担成倍增长。.
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Objective: To analyze the disease burden of pancreatic cancer in China in 1990 and 2017. Methods: Province-specific data in China from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 were used to describe the change of death status, disease burden of pancreatic cancer in Chinese population by specific province and age groups, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLD) in 1990 and 2017. Meanwhile the incidence, mortality, DALY rate, YLL rate, YLD rate were standardized by the GBD global standard population in 2017. Results: In 2017, the new cases of pancreatic cancer, incidence and age-standardized incidence accounted for 83.6 thousand, 5.92/100 000 and 4.37/100 000 in China, with an increase of 230.94%, 180.45% and 49.88% compared with 1990, respectively. The total number of deaths, mortality and age-standardized mortality appeared as 85.1 thousand, 6.02/100 000, 4.48/100 000, with an increase of 236.08%, 184.80% and 47.51% respectively. The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer increased with age and accelerated from the age of 55 to 59 both in 1990 and 2017. The highest incidence and mortality showed in 85-89 years old in 2017 and in 90-94 years old in 1990. The standardized DALY rate of pancreatic cancer increased from 71.00/100 000 in 1990 to 94.32/100 000 in 2017, increased by 32.84%. The standardized YLL rate increased from 70.39/100 000 to 93.42/100 000, increased by 32.72%. The standardized YLD rate increased from 0.62/100 000 to 0.90/100 000, increased by 45.80%. In terms of age distribution, DALY rate, YLL rate and YLD rate of pancreatic cancer basically showed an increasing trend with age in 1990 and 2017. In 2017, Jiangsu (7.61/100 000), Shanghai (7.52/100 000) and Liaoning (6.84/100 000) ranked the top three provinces in terms of standardized mortality. Compared with 1990, Henan (104.28%), Sichuan (94.02%) and Hebei (90.39%) saw the fastest increase in standardized mortality. Conclusions: The incidence, mortality and disease burden of pancreatic cancer in China increased significantly from 1990 to 2017. Prevention and control measures should be strengthened to reduce the disease burden of pancreatic cancer.目的： 分析1990年与2017年中国胰腺癌的发病、死亡和疾病负担及其变化情况。 方法： 利用2017年全球疾病负担研究结果，描述1990年与2017年我国胰腺癌的发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年（DALY）、过早死亡损失寿命年（YLL）和伤残损失寿命年（YLD）在总人群、各年龄组的分布及变化情况，并以全球疾病负担研究世界标准人口计算标化率。 结果： 2017年中国胰腺癌发病人数为8.36万，发病率为5.92/10万，标化发病率为4.37/10万，较1990年分别增长230.94%、180.45%和49.88%；2017年死亡人数8.51万，死亡率为6.02/10万，标化死亡率为4.48/10万，较1990年分别上升236.08%、184.80%和47.51%。1990年与2017年胰腺癌发病率、死亡率均有随年龄增长而增大的趋势，2017年85~89岁年龄组发病率、死亡率最高，1990年90~94岁年龄组发病率、死亡率最高。胰腺癌标化DALY率由1990年的71.00/10万增长到2017年的94.32/10万，增长率为32.84%；标化YLL率由70.39/10万增长到93.42/10万，增长率为32.72%；标化YLD率由0.62/10万增长到0.90/10万，增长率为45.80%。从年龄分布来看，1990年与2017年胰腺癌DALY率、YLL率和YLD率随年龄增长基本呈上升趋势。2017年胰腺癌标化死亡率排名前三的省份分别是江苏（7.61/10万）、上海（7.52/10万）和辽宁（6.84/10万），相比1990年，标化死亡率增长率最高的3个省份分别为河南（104.28%）、四川（94.02%）、河北（90.39%）。 结论： 我国胰腺癌的疾病负担在1990－2017年间有较大增长，需加强防治措施。.
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Cancer incidence and mortality in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, 2016: a population-based study
Abstract Backgrounds: Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, seriously threatening human health and life expectancy. We aimed to analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates during 2016 in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China. Methods: Data were collected from 14 population-based cancer registries across Zhejiang Province of China. Cancer incidence and mortality rates stratified by sex and region were analyzed. The crude rate, age-standardized rate, age-specific and region-specific rate, and cumulative rate were calculated. The proportions of 10 common cancers in different groups and the incidence and mortality rates of the top five cancers in different age groups were also calculated. The Chinese national census of 2000 and the world Segi population was used for calculating the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. Results: The 14 cancer registries covered a population of 14,250,844 individuals, accounting for 29.13% of the population of Zhejiang Province. The total reported cancer cases and deaths were 55,835 and 27,013, respectively. The proportion of morphological verification (MV%) was 78.95% of the population, and percentage of incident cases identified through death certificates only (DCO%) was 1.23% with a mortality-to-incidence ratio (M/I ratio) of 0.48. The crude incidence rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 391.80/10 5 ; the age-standardized incidence rate of the Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and the age-standardized incidence rate of the world standard population (ASIRW) were 229.76/10 5 and 220.96/10 5 , respectively. The incidence rate in men was higher than that in women. The incidence rate increased rapidly after 45 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 80 to 84 years. The top 10 incidence rates of cancers were lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer (from highest to lowest). The crude mortality rate in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 189.55/10 5 ; the age-standardized mortality rate of the Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and the age-standardized mortality rate of the world standard population (ASMRW) were 94.46/10 5 and 93.42/10 5 , respectively. The mortality rate in men was higher than that in women, and the male population in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The cancer mortality rate increased rapidly after 50 years of age and peaked in individuals aged 85+ years. The top 10 mortality rates of cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, female breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia (from highest to lowest). Conclusions: Lung cancer, female breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer were the most common cancers in Zhejiang Province. Effective prevention and control measures should be established after considering the different characteristics of cancers in urban and rural areas.
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