Comparative evaluation of nine different methods for detecting enterotoxin of Escherichia coli.
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Nine different methods for detecting enterotoxin of Escherichia coli were studied and compared. We found rabbit ileal-loop test and suckling mouse assay were both quite accurate and reliable for detecting heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxin (ST) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Mouse ileal-loop test was simple, but its sensitivity and specificity were comparatively low. CHO cell-culture assay might be more sensitive and specific. LT-DNA probe was the most sensitive and specific method. In practical application, PIHT (plate immunohemolytic test), Biken's, SPA-CoA and ELISA methods are recognized as simple, rapid, sensitive and specific methods for detecting ETEC-LT. These methods can be selected for use in clinical laboratory.Keywords:
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Escherichia
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Chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts did not raise their cyclic AMP level in response to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. These fibroblasts did, however, incorporate exogenous mono-, di-, and trisialogangliosides. After the uptake of monosialoganglioside galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1), the cells responded to E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. The di- and trisialogangliosides were considerably less effective. GM1, the putative cholera toxin (choleragen) receptor, has been implicated previously as the receptor for E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin based on the ability of the free ganglioside to inhibit the effects of toxin. This investigation establishes that the ganglioside, when incorporated into fibroblasts, serves a functional role in mediating the responsiveness to the toxin.
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Cholera toxin
Ganglioside
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Production of type II heat-labile enterotoxin by Escherichia coli isolated from food and human feces
Escherichia coli strains isolated in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from feces of patients with diarrhea and from food samples produced toxin(s) that was shown to be related both immunologically and genetically to the recently characterized type II heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli. The new isolates of type II heat-labile enterotoxin-producing E. coli belonged to five different serotypes and did not represent a single clone.
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Human feces
clone (Java method)
Escherichia
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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
DNA–DNA hybridization
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Heat-labile toxin (LT) genes from human and animal Escherichia coli isolates from a restricted geographical region (Thailand) exhibited a segregated pattern of dissemination that was revealed by a restriction enzyme site polymorphism. The results suggest an exclusion of LT genes from or a low transfer rate for LT genes between E. coli strains infectious for humans and those infectious for animals in natural settings.
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Escherichia
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Weanling rats were immunized with a heat-labile enterotoxin contained in whole cell lysate (WCL) ultrafiltrate preparations of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains or with a purified preparation of heat-labile toxin (LT) from the ETEC strain and then challenged either with viable bacteria of each strain or the purified ETEC LT by means of the ileal ligated loop technique. Immunization with the WCL toxin preparations of either the EPEC or ETEC strain conferred protection against challenge with viable organisms of both strains; immunization with a similar preparation from a nontoxigenic strain did not yield protection. Immunization with either the WCL or purified LT toxin from ETEC strain afforded protection against challenge with the ETEC LT toxin, but immunization with the EPEC WCL preparation did not. The antigenicity of all of the toxin preparations was destroyed by heat-treatment. Possible contributory protective effects of somatic or colonization factor (CFA) antigens present in the WCL were excluded by the findings that protection was afforded against a heterologous somatic serotype, ileal bacterial counts were not reduced in protected animals, and WCL preparations of strains containing or lacking CFA yielded equal protection. These observations indicate that the heat-labile enterotoxin of EPEC strains is antigenic and is immunologically related to a heat-labile toxin present in similarly prepared material from an ETEC strain but not to the conventional LT toxin of ETEC strains. They suggest that the WCL preparation of the ETEC strain contains two heat-labile enterotoxins, one of which is conventional LT and the other of which resembles the EPEC toxin.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Antigenicity
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Heterologous
Toxoid
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Heat-stable enterotoxin
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Escherichia
Heat-labile enterotoxin
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Journal Article Virulence Factors of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Get access Dolores G. Evans, Dolores G. Evans Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Doyle J. Evans, Jr., Doyle J. Evans, Jr. Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert L. DuPont Herbert L. DuPont Program in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 136, Issue Supplement_1, August 1977, Pages S118–S123, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/136.Supplement.S118 Published: 01 August 1977
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Escherichia
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Thirty-two strains of Escherichia coli belonging to a new O group, O166, were examined. Twenty-one strains had the flagella antigen H27, five had the H15 antigen, five had the H7 antigen, and one was nonmotile. All the H27 strains and the nonmotile strain produced heat-stable enterotoxin but not heat-labile enterotoxin. All the H7 strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin but not heat-stable enterotoxin. The remaining strains were nonenterotoxigenic. None of the strains possessed colonization factor antigens CFA/I, CFA/II, or PCF8775.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Strain (injury)
Escherichia
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Nine different methods for detecting enterotoxin of Escherichia coli were studied and compared. We found rabbit ileal-loop test and suckling mouse assay were both quite accurate and reliable for detecting heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxin (ST) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Mouse ileal-loop test was simple, but its sensitivity and specificity were comparatively low. CHO cell-culture assay might be more sensitive and specific. LT-DNA probe was the most sensitive and specific method. In practical application, PIHT (plate immunohemolytic test), Biken's, SPA-CoA and ELISA methods are recognized as simple, rapid, sensitive and specific methods for detecting ETEC-LT. These methods can be selected for use in clinical laboratory.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Escherichia
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Citations (1)
Rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, either in the form of the holotoxin derived from a transformed K-12 strain or the polymyxin-release form obtained from human strains which produce LT toxin alone (LT+/ST- [ST is heat-stable toxin)] or together with ST toxin (LT+/ST+), were challenged with viable organisms of 10 different serotypes, 5 LT+/ST- and 5 LT+/ST+. The serum antitoxin response was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the degree of protection was determined by challenge in ligated ileal loops. Immunization with the holotoxin provided a strong antitoxin response and protection against all 10 challenge strains. Immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST+ strain provided equally strong protection against all strains, but immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST- strain yielded only a weak antitoxin response, moderate protection against challenge with LT+/ST- strains, and no protection against LT+/ST- strains, increasing by fivefold the immunization dosage of the LT+/ST- toxin failed to enhance protection. These observations (i) establish the fact that immunization with the LT holotoxin provides uniformly strong protection against heterologous serotypes and (ii) indicate that, for reasons which remain to be determined, the immunogenicity of the polymyxin-release LT from an LT+/ST+ strain differs from that of an LT+/ST- strain.
Antitoxin
Heterologous
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Heat-labile enterotoxin
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