Chromametric quantification of pigmentary changes in the solar lentigo after sunlight exposure.
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Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to compare by chromametric analysis the changes seen in normal skin and solar lentigos after exposure to sunlight. The color measurements were made with a Minolta CR200 chromameter and expressed in the L*a*b* system, which allows a color to be quantified according to 3 axes: white-black (L*), red-green (a*) and yellow-blue (b*). In order to better assess the sensitivity of physiological mechanisms involved in this pigmentation, we chose the weakest conditions of sunlight: the first series of measurements were made at the end of the winter (March) on areas rarely exposed for several months, and the second measurement was made 2 months later before the first intense summer solar exposure. Solar lentigos underwent a significant change in pigmentation, with a darkening of these lesions and an increase in the red and yellow color components. The pigmentation of healthy skin adjacent to these lentigos remained unchanged.Keywords:
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Objective:We analysed past and current sun exposure in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients as compared with matched controls in Mexico, a country with tropical climate.Methods:In a case–controlled study that include 83 MS patients and 166 matched controls, we inquired about sunlight exposure in two different periods: during adolescence and during the immediate past 5 years. Indicators were: exposure on quotidian and weekend outdoor activities with direct sunlight contact as expressed on frequency by mean number of days, daytime (morning, noon, afternoon), number of hours, visits to sunny places, and use of sunblocking agents. Additional elements were socioeconomic status, skin colour, and antecedent of varicella infection during childhood.Results:MS patients showed a larger proportion of white skin. MS patients had more sunlight exposure during adolescence (80% versus 60%, P = 0·002); this tendency prevailed on current indicators (46% versus 30%, P = 0·02). However, current exposure on weekends (10% versus 22%, P = 0·02) and visits to the beach (64% versus 98%, P = 0·002) were lower in MS than in controls.Discussion:Mexico gets more sunlight through the year than areas with high incidence of MS; nevertheless, its prevalence has greatly increased over the last decades, making it a relevant emerging disease. Our results indicate that in a tropical country, there is no association between sunlight exposure and the risk to develop MS, given the immunological effects of sunlight exposure either through UV radiation or vitamin D metabolism.
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Endogenous vitamin D synthesis can be affected by a number of variables, including skin colour, amount of skin exposed and levels of ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using only sunlight exposure in Canada to meet the daily recommended level of vitamin D, given differences in these variables and adherence to guidelines for sun protection.Ultraviolet index data for 13 Canadian sites were obtained from Environment Canada. The sun exposure times required to synthesize 1000 IU of vitamin D in fair- and dark-skinned people who exposed either 1/4 or 1/8 of their body surface area to the sun were calculated for each hour of the year. These times were then classified according to whether the ultraviolet index was 3 or more (when sun protection is advised) or less than 3.During the fall and winter months and in the more northern sites, ultraviolet radiation levels were too low for all skin types to use sun exposure alone to obtain enough vitamin D within one time period. The required exposure time became longer when a smaller surface area was exposed. For people with darker skin, it can be difficult even in the summer to find opportunities outside of when sun protection is advised to use sunlight to obtain the recommended dose of vitamin D.Although sun exposure is an important source of vitamin D, Canadians should look to other safe sources to meet the body's vitamin D requirements throughout the year.
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The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence issued guidance on the risks and benefits of sunlight exposure earlier this year. Sunlight is needed to maintain vitamin D levels but too much exposure can damage the skin and lead to cancer. Risks of both vitamin D deficiency and skin damage depend on individual factors including age, skin colour and lifestyle, so information on sun exposure can be confusing. Practitioners therefore need to provide patient education that is both individually tailored and consistent. Aesthetic practitioners are well placed to advise patients on their risks and action to take.
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Intermittent exposure to sunlight is considered to be an important risk factor for melanoma, but the associations reported in most case-control studies are surprisingly weak. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incorporation of a subject's background exposure to the sun and pigmentation characteristics (which are assumed to influence a person's susceptibility to sunlight exposure) could produce stronger associations between sunlight exposure and the risk for melanoma. A population-based case-control study was performed in the mid-eastern part of the Netherlands. The study group comprised 141 patients with a histologically verified melanoma and 183 controls with other malignancies who were registered by the same cancer registry. Patients with a lentigo maligna melanoma or an acrolentiginous melanoma were excluded. Information was collected by interviews and physical examination. We categorized subjects as indoor or outdoor workers on the basis of occupational exposure to the sun. Pigmentation characteristics, which are known to be risk indicators for cutaneous melanoma, were summarized as one sun sensitivity score. We used this score to distinguish between sun-sensitive and sun-resistant persons. The odds ratios associated with sunbathing, vacations spent in sunny countries, and sunburns were higher among the indoor workers than among the outdoor workers. After stratification by the sun sensitivity score, the effect of sunbathing, participating in water sports (swimming excluded), vacations to sunny countries, and a history of sunburn was largest for the sun-sensitive persons. The data show a general trend toward higher relative risks among indoor workers and sun-sensitive individuals. The results of this study support the intermittent sunlight hypothesis.
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Background/purpose: The advice that an adequate vitamin D status can be achieved by short, casual exposure to summer sunlight is ubiquitous. This review will examine the value of this advice. Methods: The results of experimental studies on changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations following ultraviolet exposure are interpreted in the context of human exposure to sunlight. Results: It is shown that current advice about modest sun exposure during the summer months does little in the way of boosting overall 25(OH)D levels, while sufficient sun exposure that could achieve a worthwhile benefit would compromise skin health. Conclusions: Failure to understand the nature of human exposure to sunlight has led to misguided advice concerning the sun exposure necessary for an adequate vitamin D status.
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The healing properties of sunlight has been known for millennia, however the gradual deterioration of the ozone layer and the increased use of sun tanning beds in recent decades are causing an increase in skin damaging ultraviolet exposure. In this article the most common photodermatoses as well as the principals of their treatments are reviewed. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(3), 94–97.
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The purpose of this study is to compare by chromametric analysis the changes seen in normal skin and solar lentigos after exposure to sunlight. The color measurements were made with a Minolta CR200 chromameter and expressed in the L*a*b* system, which allows a color to be quantified according to 3 axes: white-black (L*), red-green (a*) and yellow-blue (b*). In order to better assess the sensitivity of physiological mechanisms involved in this pigmentation, we chose the weakest conditions of sunlight: the first series of measurements were made at the end of the winter (March) on areas rarely exposed for several months, and the second measurement was made 2 months later before the first intense summer solar exposure. Solar lentigos underwent a significant change in pigmentation, with a darkening of these lesions and an increase in the red and yellow color components. The pigmentation of healthy skin adjacent to these lentigos remained unchanged.
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Objective To analyze a topographic distribution of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and clinicopathological differences of disease with regards to the extent of sunlight exposure. Methods A total of 1,065 BCC cases from 815 patients were investigated. The topographic regions of the body affected were merged into the sun-protected, intermittently sun-exposed, and permanently sun-exposed sites. Results BCCs occurred most commonly in the permanently sun-exposed sites (63.8%), followed by intermittently sun-exposed sites (30.8%), and sun-protected sites (5.4%). There was higher proportion of the men in the parts of the body intermittently exposed to sunlight and vice versa, higher percentage of the women in the sun-protected, as well as, in the permanently sun-exposed parts. There was a statistically significant trend towards an increased age with rising extent of sunlight exposure. Superficial BCC correlated positively with the intermittently sun-exposed sites and negatively with the permanently sun-exposed sites. Nodular BCC was related to the permanently sun-exposed sites and negatively with the intermittently sun-exposed sites. Infiltrative BCC was linked to permanently sun-exposed sites, while it was completely absent in the body regions, the skin of which was usually protected from UVR. A proportion of BCCs with aggressive growth phenotype positively correlated with rising extent of sunlight exposure. Conclusion Considerable clinicopathological variations in BCCs depending on locations and corresponding solar exposure levels were confirmed. With respect to the body sites, from which the lesions arise, this neoplasia may have distinct etiopathogenesis and biology. Probably, different patterns of sun exposure are independent risk factors for certain histological BCC subtypes and hence prognosis of this malignancy.
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Basal (medicine)
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