[Urinary incontinence in spayed female dogs: frequency and breed disposition].
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A follow up study was performed in 412 spayed bitches in order to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence. The period between the operation being performed and the survey being made varied between 3 and 10 years. 83 animals (20.1%) were incontinent independent of the surgical procedure (ovariectomy versus ovariohysterectomy). The onset of incontinence varied between immediately to 12 years with an average period of 2.9 years after surgery. 57 of these incontinent bitches were treated with ephedrine or estrogen. In 73.7% a good response was achieved with ephedrine and a further 23.7% showed some improvement. Generally ephedrine was more successful than estrogen in the treatment of incontinence. There appears to be a strong connection between body weight and the incidence of incontinence. Of bitches with a body weight of less than 20 kg only 9.3% were incontinent. Whereas in bitches with a body weight of more than 20 kg the incidence was 30.9%. Of the breeds Boxers showed a high incidence of incontinence (65%) while breeds such as German Shepherds (10.6%) or Dachshunds (11.1%) showed a low incidence in relation to the average incidence rate (20.1%).Cite
A follow up study was performed in 412 spayed bitches in order to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence. The period between the operation being performed and the survey being made varied between 3 and 10 years. 83 animals (20.1%) were incontinent independent of the surgical procedure (ovariectomy versus ovariohysterectomy). The onset of incontinence varied between immediately to 12 years with an average period of 2.9 years after surgery. 57 of these incontinent bitches were treated with ephedrine or estrogen. In 73.7% a good response was achieved with ephedrine and a further 23.7% showed some improvement. Generally ephedrine was more successful than estrogen in the treatment of incontinence. There appears to be a strong connection between body weight and the incidence of incontinence. Of bitches with a body weight of less than 20 kg only 9.3% were incontinent. Whereas in bitches with a body weight of more than 20 kg the incidence was 30.9%. Of the breeds Boxers showed a high incidence of incontinence (65%) while breeds such as German Shepherds (10.6%) or Dachshunds (11.1%) showed a low incidence in relation to the average incidence rate (20.1%).
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Seroma
Wound dehiscence
Incisional Hernia
Fat necrosis
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The clinical and urodynamic short term results after colposuspension for urinary stress incontinence has been studied in a group of young patients in whom menopause was induced surgically and compared with a similarly treated group who did not undergo surgical castration. Clinically, no differences were found in the incidence of diurnal frequency, nocturia, urgency, urge incontinence or stress incontinence between the groups. No urodynamic changes in the cystometric, uroflowmetry and urethral pressure profile measurements were found post-operatively between the two groups. It is concluded that surgically induced menopause in the absence of aging has no effect on the results of colposuspension for urinary stress incontinence in the short term.
Nocturia
Stress incontinence
Surgical Menopause
Urge incontinence
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Abstract Some 114 patients (median age 52 years) underwent laparoscopic hernia repair as a day-case procedure. Twenty-one patients had bilateral and 11 recurrent hernias. Some 113 patients underwent transabdominal preperitoneal mesh repair but one required conversion to open operation. Mean operating time was 24 min for unilateral and 38 min for bilateral repair. In an operating session of 3·5 h, up to five patients (mean 4·4) underwent surgery and as many as seven hernias were repaired. More than 10 per cent of patients were found to have a previously undiagnosed hernia on the opposite side. A total of 111 patients were discharged home on the day of surgery. Major complications included one omental bleed and one small bowel obstruction. Seroma was the commonest minor complication and occurred in 7 per cent of patients. More than 35 per cent of patients needed no postoperative analgesia. To date there has been one recurrence (follow-up range 2–18 months).
Seroma
Bleed
Hernia Repair
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Constriction
Skin grafting
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Incisional hernias develop in up to 11% of surgical abdominal wounds with a possible recurrence following repair of 44%. We describe our experience with a combined fascial and prosthetic mesh repair. Thirty-five patients (16M:19F) have been treated. The original operation was bowel related in 19 cases, gynaecological in 8, hepatopancreaticobiliary in 3 patients, aortic aneurysm repair in 2 and involved a thoraco-laparotomy in 3. The incisions were midline in 26 cases, transverse in 6, paramedian in 2 and rooftop in one patient. The hernias were considered subjectively to be large in 15, medium in 14 and small in 6 of the patients. A proforma was completed for each patient noting intra-operative and post-operative complications, post-operative hospital stay and analgesic requirements. Post-operative complications included seroma formation in 6 patients, deep vein thrombosis in one and a non-fatal pulmonary embolism in another. One patient developed a wound haematoma and one had a superficial wound infection. Post-operative in-hospital stay ranged from 1 to 27 days with a mean of 6.2 days. Of the 35 patients 33 were available for follow-up. Follow-up was for a median of 20.3 months (range 6.0 to 54.1 months). Two of these (6%) patients reported a persistent lump and one (3%) reported persistent pain but none of the remaining 33 was found to have a recurrence. We advocate this technique because it is applicable to all hernias, most of the mesh is behind the rectus sheath and has 2 points of fixation, it is relatively pain-free allowing early mobilisation, has a modest complication rate and a low recurrence rate.
Seroma
Incisional Hernia
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Fifty-three male Baladi kids (B) and Baladi crosses with Alpine (1/2 AL 1/2 B) and Anglo-Nubian (1/2 AN 1/2 B and 3/4 AN 1/4 B) born at the farm of Animal production, Minia, Egypt, over a period of 2 years (1989 to 1990) were used. At four weeks of age male kids which represent the four mentioned genotypes were randomely distributed into three groups: the first was completely castrated, the second was partially castrated and the third group was left intact. Kids were weaned at 4 months and slaughtered at 12 months of age. Breed types of kids significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) affected body weights at 1 and 6 months of age, infavouring crossbred kids. But body weights at 12 months of age were not significantly different by breed type of kids. Baladi kids had insignificantly high value of body weight gain than those of crossbred kids during the period from castration till slaughter. Castration had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on live body weight at 12 months of age and on body weight gain during the period from castration till slaughter, infavour of partially castrated animals. Breed type of kids showed non-significant effect on most carcass traits, while castration had a significant effect (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) on most carcass traits. Partially castrated animals had higher values of slaughter weight (S.W), carcass weight, percentages of non-visceral components and edible offals related to slaughter weights and had lower values for both meat/bone ratio in carcass and percentage of visceral fat related to slaughter weight than those of other groups. Baladi and 1/2 AN 1/2 B groups showed the highest percentage of prime cuts related to slaughter weight, but 1/2 AL 1/2 B and 3/4 AN 1/4 B had the lowest values. Castration had a significant effect on percentages of both neck and leg cuts related to carcass weight, where castrated animals showed highest percentage of prime cuts related to slaughter weight. Breed type of kids showed non-significant effect on both physical components and chemical analysis of the 9-11th rib cut but castration showed a significant effect on percentages of fat and moisture in 9-11th rib cut where complete castrated animals had higher value of fat and lower value of moisture in lean. Using partial castration procedure enhanced both growth performance and meat production and modified the amount of carcass fat. The carcass weight of male goat kids could be predicted from pre-slaughter live body measurements.
Carcass weight
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