An enhanced standard computer keyboard system for single-finger and typing-stick typing.
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A prototype keyboard system was developed, using off-the-shelf hardware and software, as an inexpensive keyboard-based system to facilitate data entry for single-finger and typing-stick typists. Evaluation established that the system can increase entry rate by 50 percent or more. The underlying concepts may provide a basis for developing other configurations that accelerate and simplify computer keyboard use for persons with a variety of hand impairments.Keywords:
Text entry
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Input device
Data entry
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A lot of systems and devices for text input in wearable computing environment have been proposed and released thus far, while these are not commonly used due to drawbacks such as slow input speed, long training period, low usability, and low wearability. This paper proposes a wearable text input device using touch typing skills that would have been acquired for full-size keyboard. Users who have touch typing skills can input texts without training.
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This article discusses the Keyboard Augmentation Toolkit (KAT), which supports the creation of virtual keyboards that can be used both for standalone input (e.g., for mid-air text entry) and to augment physically tracked keyboards/surfaces in mixed reality. In a user study, we firstly examine the impact and pitfalls of visualising shortcuts on a tracked physical keyboard, exploring the utility of virtual per-keycap displays. Supported by this and other recent developments in XR keyboard research, we then describe the design, development, and evaluation-by-demonstration of KAT. KAT simplifies the creation of virtual keyboards (optionally bound to a tracked physical keyboard) that support enhanced display —2D/3D per-key content that conforms to the virtual key bounds; enhanced interactivity —supporting extensible per-key states such as tap, dwell, touch, swipe; flexible keyboard mappings that can encapsulate groups of interaction and display elements, e.g., enabling application-dependent interactions; and flexible layouts —allowing the virtual keyboard to merge with and augment a physical keyboard, or switch to an alternate layout (e.g., mid-air) based on need. Through these features, KAT will assist researchers in the prototyping, creation and replication of XR keyboard experiences, fundamentally altering the keyboard’s form and function.
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Mobile devices with touch capabilities often utilize touchscreen keyboards. However, due to the lack of tactile feedback, users often have to switch their focus of attention between the keyboard area, where they must locate and click the correct keys, and the text area, where they must verify the typed output. This can impair user experience and performance. In this paper, we examine multimodal feedback and guidance signals that keep users’ focus of attention in the keyboard area but also provide the kind of information users would normally get in the text area. We first conducted a usability study to assess and refine the user experience of these signals and their combinations. Then we evaluated whether those signals which users preferred could also improve typing performance in a controlled experiment. One combination of multimodal signals significantly improved typing speed by 11%, reduced keystrokes-per-character by 8%, and reduced backspaces by 28%. We discuss design implications.
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A hand- and finger-mounted data input device is presented, using traditional touch-typing skills as method of alphanumeric data input to provide an ultraportable solution for quiet data input into portable computer systems. The presented keyboard independent touch-typing device {KITTY) offers high data input rates and minimal training requirements for new users.
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Wearable devices eliminate the need of physically taking out a mobile device before operating on it and are emerging as the next wave of mobile systems. Head-mounted display (HMD) is a key building block of wearable devices, and offers users immediate access to relevant information in a glance. However, most existing user input mechanisms accompanying HMDs are designed for interactive information exploration rather than for extended text entry. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a text input system for HMDs called Air Typing, which requires only a standard camera and is shown to be comparable in effectiveness to single-hand text input on tablet computers in a lab setting. Air Typing features a novel two-level virtual keyword layout, which substantially improves the typing speed by cutting down unnecessary hand movements during typing and greatly simplifies the associated image processing task by doing away with fine-grained matching between fingertips and keys. The current Air Typing prototype incorporates an OpenCV-based virtual key press detection algorithm that runs on the featured two-level virtual keyboard. In our tests, an experienced user's typing speeds of one-hand text input and of two-hand text input under Air Typing are 13 and 15 words per minute (WPM), respectively.
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A prototype keyboard system was developed, using off-the-shelf hardware and software, as an inexpensive keyboard-based system to facilitate data entry for single-finger and typing-stick typists. Evaluation established that the system can increase entry rate by 50 percent or more. The underlying concepts may provide a basis for developing other configurations that accelerate and simplify computer keyboard use for persons with a variety of hand impairments.
Text entry
Words per minute
Input device
Data entry
Virtual keyboard
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This paper addresses modern-day, touch screen devices that use a stylus for interaction and text input. To date, such devices utilized QWERTY-based designs for virtual keyboards. However, the assumption here is that there is no necessity for implementing QWERTY-based virtual keyboard designs on modern-day devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) based upon its efficiency of use. There is limited study showing how aesthetic appeal influences the performance of users interacting with text entry on a PDA. This paper considers 3 alternative virtual keyboard designs for PDAs as opposed to the standard virtual keyboard design. We highlight the various design elements, physical attributes and aesthetics. A comparison of means for effectiveness between the 4 virtual keyboard designs and the standard virtual keyboard were performed. The results highlight the significance of more interesting, alternative interface design solutions for text-input and interactions on modern-day, touch screen devices.
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We study the performance and user experience of two popular mainstream text entry devices, desktop keyboards and touchscreen keyboards, for use in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. We discuss the limitations arising from limited visual feedback, and examine the efficiency of different strategies of use. We analyze a total of 24 hours of typing data in VR from 24 participants and find that novice users are able to retain about 60% of their typing speed on a desktop keyboard and about 40-45% of their typing speed on a touchscreen keyboard. We also find no significant learning effects, indicating that users can transfer their typing skills fast into VR. Besides investigating baseline performances, we study the position in which keyboards and hands are rendered in space. We find that this does not adversely affect performance for desktop keyboard typing and results in a performance trade-off for touchscreen keyboard typing.
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2021 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT) (2019)
The problem of data entry in mobile devices is considered. The shortcomings of virtual projected keyboards are analyzed. The new input technology called VKF (Virtual Keyboard and Fingers) is offered. It is shown that VKF is more convenient not only in comparison with projected virtual keyboards, but also with data entry methods including use of on-screen keyboards.
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