Screening and productivity of penicillin antibiotic from Penicillium sp.
3
Citation
0
Reference
20
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
This paper highlights the antagonism effect of Penicillium isolates, which were screened against the test organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Penicillium sp. Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum isolates were used for penicillin biosynthesis. The antibacterial activities of fermented crude penicillin extract were assayed by disc diffusion method. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in Gram positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus) when compared with Gram negative organisms. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum can be used for large-scale penicillin antibiotic production.Keywords:
Penicillium chrysogenum
Agar diffusion test
Cite
Objective: This study aimed to isolate fungi having antibacterial activity from pharmaceutical site soil sample and production of antibacterial agents by solid and submerged state fermentation under optimized conditions. Antibacterial activity of laboratory isolated and produced antibacterial agent was compared with other commercialized antibiotics to check the efficiency of laboratory produced antibacterial agent. Methods: For isolation and characterization of fungal isolates American Public Health Association standard was followed. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion and agar disc diffusion method. Results: On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics six fungal isolates belongs to four different genus species, i.e., Aspergillus sp. (F1, F2, F3), Penicillium sp. (F4), Rhizopus sp. (F5), and Fusarium sp. (F6), and they were tested against six bacterial isolates, i.e., Streptococcus sp. (B1), Bacillus sp. (B2), Staphylococcus sp. (B3), Bacillus sp. (B4), Bacillus sp. (B5), and Enterococcus sp. (B6). Except B4 all bacterial isolates growth were inhibited by fungal isolates. Under optimized conditions maximum zone of inhibition, i.e., 78 mm against B1 and B5 shown by F1 and F6 at 2% and 1% glucose concentration, respectively, at 10 pH. When comparison was made between commercialized antibiotics and lab produced antibacterial agents, it was observed lab produced antibacterial agent was more efficient in terms of zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Lab isolated and produced antibacterial agents were more efficient than commercialized antibiotics. This study demonstrated that lab isolated antibacterial agents isolated from six fungal isolates seems to be a stable and potent antibacterial and can be used as alternative to expensive commercialized antibiotics.
Agar diffusion test
Cite
Citations (8)
In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts from Spongia officinalis, Spongia agaricina, Aplysina aerophoba collected from the Gulf of Saros in Turkey was screened against sixteen microorganisms in this study. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar disc diffusion method. Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25902, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 122228, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus var. elipticus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium granulatum, Penicillium rugulosum, Penicillium jenseii, Aspergillus canditus, Geotrichum candidum and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 were used as test microorganisms. Zones of inhibition of the extracts were compared with different standard antibiotics like Ampicillin and Penicillin for antibacterial activity and Ketoconazole and Nystatin for antifungal activity. The results showed that especially Aplysina aerophoba and Spongia agaricina remarkably inhibited both bacterial and fungal growth. While antimicrobial activity was obtained from the extract of the Aplysina aerophoba against the Gram-positive bacteria, the Gram-negative bacteria and some fungi, Spongia agaricina extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the test microorganisms excluding one bacterium. Hence, it has been demonstrated that a new bioactive natural product can be discovered from the two sponges in this study
Enterococcus faecalis
Aspergillus niger
Cite
Citations (3)
The present study was designed to isolate actinomycetes and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp, Micromonosporasp, Nocadia sp. The cell free supernatant of the selected isolate were able to inhibit the growth of all human pathogens ( S.aureus, Proteus vulgaris, P.aeroginosa, E.coli, B.subtilis, B.megaterium, K.pneumoniae, C.albicans, A.niger, S.cervisiae) used in this study. Out of the 5 actinomycetes isolates Streptomyces sp( S1) exhibited high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus. The remaining isolates also showed very promising activity against human pathogens Key words: Actinomycetes , screening, antibacterial activity, pathogens
Proteus vulgaris
Human pathogen
Bacillus megaterium
Pathogenic bacteria
Cite
Citations (13)
The antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens has become a serious health concern and encouragement to search for novel and efficient antimicrobial metabolites. On the other hand, endophytic fungi have great potential as a natural source for antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to isolation antibacterial compound from endophytic fungi of A.elegans SweF9. The fungus was stationarily cultured at 30°C for 12 days in potato malt peptone (PMP) medium, then extracted with ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activities of the extract were evaluated by agar well diffusion method against Gram-poitive ( Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ) bacterial strains. The broth extract was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli , S. aureus and B. subtilis with antibacterial activity index compared to streptomycin sulfate were 84.6%, 91.6%, and 90% respectively. The active compound (1) was purified to yield amorphous white and identified using FTIR, NMR, and EI-MS analyses, revealed identified as (+) - epi-Epoformin. The compound showed an antibacterial activity index of E. coli , S. aureus and B. subtilis bacterial were 38%, 45%, and 47%, respectively. Based on these results endophytic fungi A. elegans SweF9 can be used as a new source of potential antibacterial compounds
Agar diffusion test
Nutrient agar
Cite
Citations (9)
Context: Streptomyces are potential sources for secondary metabolites possessing a variety of biological activities with antimicrobial activity, which is used for human and animal treatment. It is estimated these bacteria synthesize more than 7,000 metabolites. About 80% of these are made by members of the genus Streptomyces. Streptomyces spp. is known as producers of several bioactive metabolites which has antibiotic, antiparasitic, antitumor, insecticide, herbicide, etc.Objectives: Determine the antimicrobial activities of Streptomyces isolates and compare the efficacy of the antimicrobial activities of Streptomycetes with selected commercial antimicrobial agents.Materials and methods: Collection of samples and test organisms; physicochemical screening; antimicrobial assay (co-culture method); antibiotics sensitivity test (disc-diffusion assay).Result: Streptomyces griseoflavus, Streptomyces parvus and Streptomyces albidus were isolated from dry soil while Streptomyces vinaceus and Streptomyces globiosporus from moist-fresh soil and fish pond water used for cultivation of cat fish Clarias garienpinus respectively. Out of these five (5) isolates isolated, 3 isolates (60%) exhibited antibacterial activity against the following pathogenic, nosocomial organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus saprophyticus, and Trichoderma spp respectively. S. griseoflavus demonstrated antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, Trichoderma spp and Candida spp. S. albidus against S. typhi and A. fumigatus while S. parvus was inhibitory to S. aureus and A. fumigatus. The active isolates inhibited bacteria growth (0 to 39.33 mm). Commercial antimicrobials used also demonstrated inhibitory effects against the test pathogens.Conclusion: The garden soil of FUTA farm contains Streptomyces spp. with antibacterial and antifungal activities.J. bio-sci. 22: 21-29, 2014
Cite
Citations (4)
Article history: Received on: 18/08/2012 Revised on: 29/08/2012 Accepted on: 05/09/2012 Available online: 29/10/2012 This study was performed to isolate actinomycete colonies having antibacterial and antifungal activity from soil samples. A total of 27 actinomycete colonies were isolated in pure culture from five soil samples using Starch casein agar medium. Entire isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity by agar plug method against five each of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Of this, 7 strains inhibits B. substilis, 3 strains inhibits Klebseilla sp, 6 strains inhibits B. cerus, 5 strains inhibits S. aureus and only 2 strains inhibits E. coli. Incase of fungi all the actinobateria has moderate activity with less fungal strains, only 1 strain (RA 5) inhibits entire fungus except Penicillium sp. The metabolites from potent strain was produced by fermentation, separated by centrifugation, it was tested for their antimicrobial activity against the test bacterial and fungal strains by well diffusion and disc diffusion method. In this study, the metabolites from RA5 (identified as Streptomyces sp.) have showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity. Since many isolates showed inhibitory activity against indicator bacteria, it is suggestive that Rathnagiri hill’s soil could be an interesting source to explore for antibacterial secondary metabolites.
Agar diffusion test
Strain (injury)
Pathogenic bacteria
Cite
Citations (15)
Five marine fungi isolated from the surface or inner tissue of marine algae and sponge show inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.They were identified as Trichoderma sp.,Penicillium glabrum,Aspergillus sp.,Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata.By single dosage method,the antibacterial titers of their ferment broths are determined to be equal to 0.8,1.1,22.5,7.9 and 6.2U/mL of ampicillin,respectively.HPLC analysis shows that the products of these five fungi are remarkably different.The antibacterial bioautography also reveals high diversity of their anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis antibiotics.The chemical chromagenic experiments indicate that the strongest bioactive constituent of the Aspergillus strain DLEP2008001 may be a steroid or triterpenoid compound with secondary amine and carboxyl groups,and the minor bioactive constituent may contains secondary amine groups.These results indicate that marine fungi are worthy of further investigation as potential resource of anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis drug candidates.
Aspergillus versicolor
Aspergillus niger
Cite
Citations (0)
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of fungal extracts isolated from solid-state waste and study their active constituents. Antibiotics are the most important secondary metabolites produced by the microorganisms that are commercially exploited for the treatment of various diseases worldwide. But with time, these microbial pathogens have become more powerful and resistant to antibiotic treatment, creating new strains that are difficult to control. To overcome the problem of multi-drug resistance, the present study aimed at exploring new sources of bioactive components.
Methods: A total of 22 fungal strains were isolated from solid-state household waste dumping site at Hisar, India. The perpendicular streak plate technique was used for primary screening against three test microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). About 55% of the tested fungal strains showed antimicrobial activity against all three tested microorganisms. The positive fungal strains were put to secondary screening by Agar well diffusion assay against eight test microorganisms (Gram positive: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus gordonii and Gram negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas florescens, Salmonella enterica and fungus Candida albicans).
Results: The potent fungal strain with maximum zone of inhibition was selected for secondary metabolite extraction with dichloromethane and the crude extracts examined for antimicrobial properties. Analyses of the crude metabolites by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed the presence of bioactive components with Rf values of 0.88. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts of SSR-16 exhibited great antibacterial activity against all test bacteria with zone of inhibition as 2.2cm against E.coli and P.aeroginosa, 2.0cm against C.albicans, 1.8cm against B.subtilis and P.florescens, 1.6cm against S.aureus and 1.4cm against S.entericus and S.gordoni.
Conclusion: The selected strain SSR-16 was identified as Aspergillus species using 18 S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The study suggests that the selected Aspergillus strain may be a source of potential antimicrobial agents.
Agar diffusion test
Cite
Citations (5)
Propolis is a natural product widely known for its medicinal properties. In this work, fungi present on propolis samples were isolated, identified and tested for the production of antimicrobial metabolites. Twenty-two fungal isolates were obtained, some of which were identified as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Fusarium merismoides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium purpurogenum, Pestalotiopsis palustris, Tetracoccosporium paxianum and Trichoderma koningii. These fungi were grown in liquid media to obtain crude extracts that were evaluated for their antibiotic activity against pathogenic bacteria, yeast and Cladosporium cladosporioides and A. flavus. The most active extract was obtained from L. theobromae (minimum inhibitory concentration = 64 μg/mL against Listeria monocitogenes). Some extracts showed to be more active than the positive control in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocitogenes. Therefore, propolis is a promising source of fungi, which produces active agents against relevant food poisoning bacteria and crop-associated fungi.
Penicillium citrinum
Propolis
Cladosporium cladosporioides
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Cladosporium
Bipolaris
Cite
Citations (9)
As a part of a research program that aims to identify antibacterial and antifungal substances from fungus specimen of Brazilian's cerrado soil samples, Penicillium sclerotiorum was identified as a source of secondary metabolites possessing antibiotic activities. This microorganism was cultured in a liquid medium rich in glucose for fifteen days. The resulting ethyl acetate extract was chemically fractionated leading to the isolation of three metabolites pencolide, sclerotiorin and isochromophilone VI. The antimicrobial disc assay activity of these substances towards Candida albicans, Streptomyces pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli was performed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds was determined. All compounds showed distinguished antimicrobial activities.
Cite
Citations (77)