Effects of Different Pathogen Sources of Watermelon Bacterial Fruit Blotch and Different Inoculated-pathogen Methods on Pathogenicity of Watermelon
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Using different over-wintering pathogen sources of watermelon bacterial fruit blotch and different inoculated-pathogen methods to test the pathogenicity of Xinong No.9.The results showed that the over-wintering pathogen sources of diseased fruit extract,dry diseased leaf,fresh diseased leaf and bacteria carrying soil all had pathogenicity,in which the over-wintering pathogen sources of bacteria carrying soil and dry diseased leaf had stronger pathogenicity;four different inoculated-pathogen methods(seed soaking,root drenching,needle inoculation and spraying) had a certain impact on pathogenicity of different over-wintering pathogen sources,in which the needle inoculation method had the strongest pathogenicity.Therefore,the results provide a scientific base for popularizing control measures,such as deep tillage,weed out diseased residues in filed,soil disinfection,reducing wounds caused by filed operation,etc..Cite
Collecting eight watermelon fusarium wilt pathogen disease samples from the watermelon main producing areas of Heilongjiang province,the pathogens physiological species were identified firstly,and fusarium wilt pathogen species differentiation were studied in Heilongjiang,identification methods of resistance wilt were screened,and resistance of 26 breeding materials were indentified.The results showed that the incidence of water melon fusarium wilt reached above 70%after using 8strains collected from the watermelon main producing area in Heilongjiang province infected melon;cucumber and melon were mild infected,and the incidence was below 20%,8strains were all watermelon special fusarium bacteria watermelon wilt pathogen was physiological race 1in Heilongjiang province.The best methods of diseaseresistant identification in watermelon dusarium should be vaccination in unfolding stage of the cotyledon by dipping root inoculation with 1×10 5 spores / mL spore suspension.Three dusarium wilt highly resistant materials were selected.
Melon
Wilt disease
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Mature watermelon fruit with large, firm, dark green, water-soaked lesions were observed in spring 1989. Losses of up to 50% in marketable fruit occurred in some fields in Florida. A gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonfluorescent, oxidase-positive, arginine dihydrolase-negative bacterium was isolated from diseased tissues. In pathogenicity tests, the bacterium produced symptoms in foliage and fruit. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of the bacterium related it to a previously described pathogen of watermelon, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli
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In this paper,the experiment of isolation,inoculation and identification of pathogen of Hami-muskmelon fruit rot at growth were conducted. The results showed that 7 bacteria strains from Hami-muskmelon samples were able to cause the typical symptom of Hami-muskmelon fruit rot,and then the strains from the infected plant were inoculated on cemore,and it still caused the typical symptom.Accordig to the shape of the bacteria,pathogenicity test,physiology and biochemistry test,the pathogen of Hami-muskmelon is identified as Pseudominas syringae pv.lachrymans and Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli Willems et al..
Isolation
Pseudomonas syringae
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Watermelon has been attacked in recent years by a bacterial disease called bacterial fruit blotch in some planting areas of Fujian in 2004.This disease damaged fruits and leaves of watermelon.Twenty strains were isolated from diseased fruits and leaves of watermelon.Inoculation on young watermelon with these isolates produced the same symptoms as naturally infected plants.The same strains were isolated from the inoculated watermelon.The symptoms of this disease were described.Based on stain reactions and morphological,cultural,physiological and biochemical properties of the pathogens,all tested isolates were identified as Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli.Inoculations with these strains on leaves of cucumber,towel gourd,tomato,maize and soybean produced the same symptoms.
Gourd
Citrullus lanatus
Citrullus
Cucurbitaceae
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Root rot
Phytophthora capsici
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The pathogenicity of Alternaria spp. on Malus × domestica in New Zealand has not been investigated fully. Alternaria spp. were isolated from necrotic spots on leaves and fruit rots from various apple cultivars. Pathogenicity of 31 Alternaria spp. isolates was tested on excised ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Scifresh’ leaves (wounded and unwounded) by measuring lesion diameters. Viability of Alternaria spp. grown from infected leaf material was assessed to compare various storage conditions. Alternaria spp. were consistently isolated from the central brown area of leaf lesions but could not be isolated from outside the leading edge or from the purple region surrounding the lesion. All isolates produced lesions on wounded leaves. Most isolates showed some pathogenicity on at least one cultivar, with lesions on unwounded leaves. Lesions on leaf material caused by Alternaria spp. can be stored for at least 11 weeks by freeze-drying or air-drying leaf material and storing at 0.5˚C or room temperature. Some New Zealand Alternaria spp. isolates on Malus × domestica are pathogenic on fruit and leaves. Further studies are needed to better understand the biology of this pathogen in New Zealand and determine a suitable control programme.
Malus
Spots
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Root rot is one of serious diseases of strawberry.In recent years,the disease occurred world wide,and became more and more serious.From June to July in 2010,diseased roots of strawberry in a strawberry planting base were investigated,and the pathogens were isolated and identified from diseased tissue.The results showed that strawberry root rot was caused by Fusarium oxysporum,Rhizoctonia solani and/or Phytophthora sp.According to the characteristics of the pathogens and the disease development,integrated control measures of the disease were advised.
Root rot
Rhizoctonia
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