Quantitative study of diffusion tensor imaging in white matter of developmental delay children
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Objective To observe the changes of white matter by using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.Methods Twenty patients(aged 12—36 months) with developmental delay and the twenty cases of monthold matched normal development children were studied by conventional MRI and DTI technology.Fractional anisotropy(FA) and mean diffusivity(MD) values were measured in five regions of deep white matter and four regions of shallow white matter.Comparison were made in FA and MD values of developmental normal and development delay children.Results FA value in shallow white matter of developmental delay children was lower than that of control group(P0.05),MD values in shallow white matter and corpus callosum knee of developmental delay children was higher than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion DTI may quantify the injuries of white matter microstructure in developmental delay children with normal routine MRI results.Cite
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The purpose of the present study is to identify otherwise occult white matter abnormalities in patients suffering persistent cognitive impairment due to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study had Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, included informed consent and complied with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. We retrospectively analyzed diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) of 17 patients (nine women, eight men; age range 26–70 years) who had cognitive impairment due to mild TBI that occurred 8 months to 3 years prior to imaging. Comparison was made to 10 healthy controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) images derived from DTI (1.5 T; 25 directions; b = 1000) were compared using whole brain histogram and voxel-wise analyses. Histograms of white matter FA show an overall shift toward lower FA in patients. Areas of significantly decreased FA (p < 0.005) were found in the subject group in corpus callosum, subcortical white matter, and internal capsules bilaterally. Co-located elevation of mean diffusivity (MD) was found in the patients within each region. Similar, though less extensive, findings were demonstrated in each individual patient. Multiple foci of low white matter FA and high MD are present in cognitively impaired mild TBI patients, with a distribution that conforms to that of diffuse axonal injury. Evaluation of single subjects also reveals foci of low FA, suggesting that DTI may ultimately be useful for clinical evaluation of individual patients.
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Objective To study the normal changes in brain white matter during childhood by analyzing the anisotropy of different regions and different age groups with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods DTI was performed in 89 children (age range from 2 days to 18 years) without brain abnormalities, and the data measured in fractional anisotropy(FA) maps were analyzed statistically. Children less than 6 months were ranged to group 1, 6-12 months to group 2, 1-3 years to group 3, 3-5 years to group 4, 5-8 years to group 5, 8-12 years to group 6, 12-18 years to group 7. Results (1) There were significant differences in anisotropy (FA values) among different regions of white matter in brain In group 7, the FA value of corpus callosum was 0.826±0.039, middle cerebellar peduncle 0.678±0.043, frontal white matter 0.489±0.033. (2) The anisotropy among different age group was statistically different, P0.05. (3) The anisotropy of white matter increased with the increasing of age, and FA values showed positively exponentially correlations with age. Conclusion DTI shows the structure of white matters in vivo, with which normal changes in brain during childhood can be evaluated.
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Objective To determine whether diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging can depict abnormalities in patients with a diagnosis of development delay or not.Materials and Methods 40 cases of developmental delay and 40 normal infants received diffusion tensor imaging scans,and FA values were measured in 5 deep white matter and 4 shallow white matter,and according to the performance of conventional MR,40 cases of developmental delay were divided into two groups,the first group,the performance of conventional MR normal;second,conventional MR diagnosis of white matter developmental delay.The results were compared and analyzed statistically.Results The children with developmental delay had significant decreases in anisotropy in all white matter fiber tracts(P0.05) except the posterior limb of the internal capsule.In stunting group of children in the performance of conventional MR and the development of normal children group,FA value of deep white matter was no significant difference(P 0.05),FA values of superficial white matter were lower than that of normal development of children,which was statistically significant difference(P 0.05).FA values of white matteer in stunting group of children were lower than that of normal development of children,which was statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging is helpful in the diagnosis of children with development delay.In the children with developmental delay,diffusion tensor MR imaging can depict decreases in anisotropy in the shallow white matter fiber tracts,which appear to be normal at conventional MR imaging.
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Superior longitudinal fasciculus
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Objectives: An increased incidence in white matter abnormalities is among the most frequently reported brain change in patients with bipolar disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine white matter tract integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in bipolar patients and healthy comparison subjects. Methods: Eleven DSM‐IV bipolar I patients and 10 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were studied. DTI data were acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (trace) were determined from axial images using region of interest (ROI) analyses. The ROIs were manually placed in the midline and forward projecting arms of the genu (anterior) and the midline of the splenium (posterior) of the corpus callosum. Results: Bipolar patients had significantly higher FA in the midline of the genu compared with healthy controls. Regional white matter differences were also observed, with significantly lower FA in the genu than forward projecting regions in both groups and lower FA in the genu than the splenium in controls. Conclusions: Diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant microstructural differences in the genu, as measured by elevated FA in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. These preliminary findings further support the hypothesis that anomalous frontal brain mechanisms may be associated with bipolar disorder.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Loss of integrity in nonlesional white matter occurs as a fundamental feature of multiple sclerosis in adults. The purpose of our study was to evaluate DTI-derived measures of white matter microstructure in children with MS compared with age- and sex-matched controls by using tract-based spatial statistics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Fourteen consecutive pediatric patients with MS (11 female/3 male; mean age, 15.1 ± 1.6 years; age range, 12–17 years) and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (11 female/3 male; mean age, 14.8 ± 1.7 years) were included in the study. After we obtained DTI sequences, data processing was performed by using tract-based spatial statistics.RESULTS:
Compared with healthy age- and sex-matched controls, children with multiple sclerosis showed a global decrease in mean fractional anisotropy (P ≤ .001), with a concomitant increase in mean (P < .001), radial (P < .05), and axial diffusivity (P < .001). The most pronounced fractional anisotropy value decrease in patients with MS was found in the splenium of the corpus callosum (P < .001). An additional decrease in fractional anisotropy was identified in the right temporal and right and left parietal regions (P < .001). Fractional anisotropy of the white matter skeleton was related to disease duration and may, therefore, serve as a diagnostic marker.CONCLUSIONS:
The microstructure of white matter is altered early in the disease course in childhood multiple sclerosis.Splenium
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