Investigation and management of antimicrobial agents usage
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Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial agents usage in a hospital. Methods Forty patients’ medical records were selected for retrospective analysis, patients were discharged in the year of 1998 and 2000 respectively. Results In 1998, antimicrobial resistant rate was higher, 96.25% of patients received antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial cost accounted for 52.38% of the total hospitalization expense; most antimicrobial agents were for treatment, the majority of patients received two kinds of antimicrobial agents simultaneously; in 2002, 93.54% of patients received antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial cost accounted for 50.47% , most antimicrobial agents were for treatment, and majority of patients only received one kind of antimicrobial drugs. There was significant difference in the total usage rate of antimicrobial agents between two surveys. Conclusion Target surveillance on antimicrobial agents usage should be carried out to reduce the overuse of antimicrobial agents and decrease the bacterial resistance.Cite
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the rationality of antimicrobial agents used in pediatrics.METHODS Investigate the antimicrobial agents used in 1～6 month in the year of 2000 and 2003 respectively and analyse the data.RESULTS The rate of antimicrobial agents used in 2000 was 67.06% and 2003 was 67.69 respectively.The aim of using antimicrobial agents:Treatment:78.79% in 2000 and 71.55% in 2003;Prevention:19.24% in 2000 and 27.33% in 2003; Blind:1.97% in 2000 and 1.13% in 2003.The rational rate of using antimicrobial agents:rational and rational on the whole:98.15% in 2000,and 99.12% in 2003.The kinds of antimicrobial agents used: cephalosporin,penicillin,clindamycin and aminoglycosides were the most commonly used among different antimicrobial agents in 2000;and cephalosporin,penicillin,macrolides,plant antibiotics in 2003 respectively.CONCLUSION The condition of antimicrobial agents usesd in pediatric of our hospital is rational,still need more reasonably using antimicrobial agents.
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In selecting antimicrobial agents for oral infections, antimicrobial agents are determined taking into account presumed pathogenic bacteria, inflammation severity, and backgrounds of patients such as underlying disease. When the infections are treated, effectiveness of the treatment is increased by examining pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) such as in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the antimicrobial agents, and by giving antimicrobial chemotherapy based on the PK-PD theory.The oral infections are polymicrobial infections with anaerobes and aerobes. The most common species isolated are Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus.In severe oral infections, beta-lactamase producing bacteria are often involved, and the frequency to detect anaerobes increases with severity of the cases. Beta-lactamase in Prevotella degrades penicillin derivatives and cephem derivatives including the third generation. Anti-inflammatory treatment to decrease the number of pathogenic bacteria in infection foci and appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy based on the PK-PD theory improve therapeutic efficacy and inhibit emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Pharmacodynamics
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Anti-Infective Agents
Consumption
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Objective To study the use of antimicrobial agents in hospital andto promote the rational management of antimicrobial agents. Methods 300 patients were involved in a retrospective analysis for their use of drugs,combination therapy,administration time,pathologic examination as well as frequencyof antimicrobial agents use. Results Aftertreatment interventions,a reasonable degree of antimicrobial agentsusewere improved significantly,before or after operation or intraoperative. At same time,the subject of antimicrobial drug use has changed,and the total amount of drug use has declined. Conclusion The pathogenic examination should be strengthened to promote personalized medicine and improve the drugsmanagement,whichguaranteethe use of antimicrobial drugs be safe,reasonable and effective.
Antimicrobial drug
Drug Administration
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Anti-Infective Agents
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of nosocomial infection with use of antimicrobial agents.METHODS A retrospective study of 171 cases admitted from Nov 2004 to Apr 2005 in a general hospital.RESULTS Sixteen thrush cases all were found to have prior use of antimicrobial agents with average time about(12.5±8.10) days.Twenty six out of 57 surgical cases had wound infection,all used antimicrobial agents preoperatively.Inadequate use of antimicrobial agents manifested as prolonged use or over frequent drug change or improper combined use of drugs etc.CONCLUSIONS Protracted use of antimicrobial agents may be related with development of thrush.Rational use of antimicrobial agents is to be emphysized.
Thrush
Anti-Infective Agents
Antimicrobial drug
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Objective To analyze the use of antibacterial drugs,monitor the bacterial antimicrobial resistance rates,and provide a reasonable basis for the use of antimicrobial agents.Methods A retrospective survey was used for the analysis of 13 990 cases.Results There were 28 types of antimicrobial agents injection,and the use rate of antibacterial drug was 76.15%.The drug use of majority of cases was single or double use,triple use was only 0.44%.Conclusion The antibiotics used by the inpatients of our hospital is much more,and some antibiotics has high resistance.The use of ceftriaxone,clindamycin,aceh should be controlled properly.The cefuroxime sodium should be chose appropriately on the basis of bacterial infection,and the level of the rational use of antimicrobial agents could be raised.
Cefuroxime
Antimicrobial drug
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Objectire To evaluate the using condition and the rationality of antimicrobial drugs in our hospital.Methods With the cluster sampling method,the date of the the using of the antimicrobial agente of the inpatients in our hospital during the time from 2008 January to December were retrospective studied.Results The results of antimicrobial drug utilization rate was 81.56%;combina-tion accounted for 78.8%, bigeminy for 77.1 %,and trigeminy for 7.1 %. Among the application of antibacterial drugs,the former three were penicillins, aminoglycosides,and cephalosporins.Conclusions Antimicrobial drugs should be strictly used with indications, contraindications.Rational use of antimicrobial agents can prevent waste and reduce drug-resistant strains.it also can reduce the financial burden on patients.To strengthen the rational use of antibiotics in the management is very necessary.
Key words:
Antibiotics; Indications; Rationality
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