Study on the main pharmacokinetics of Sanling Jiangtang capsules
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Abstract:
Objective To observe the effect of Sanling Jiangtang capsules on the experimental diabetes rats that caused by streptozotocin(STZ) and by alloxan, and on blood sugar and sugar tolerance in normal rats. Method STZ-induced rats and alloxan-induced rats were administrated of Sanling Jiangtang capsules(three concentrations) for 5 days and 10 days, respectively. Then the values of blood sugar and of sugar tolerance were observed. Results Sanling Jiangtang capsules can significently reduce the values of blood sugar in alloxan-induced diabetes rats(P0.01); and high-concentration and middle-concentration can clearly deminish the blood sugar level in STZ-induced diabetes rats(P0.05); as far as normal rats, the high-concentration and middle-concentration also have the falling effect(P0.01, P0.05). The middle-concentration can decrease the value of sugar tolerance in normal rats. Conclusion The above results suggest that Sanling Jiangtang capsules have preventive effect on normal rats, alloxan-induced diabetes rats, and STZ-induced diabetes rats.Keywords:
Alloxan
Blood sugar
Fasting blood sugar
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Background: Preventive measures that could slow down the rising incidences of diabetes mellitus are essential. The use of neglected local foods, which have effects on this chronic disease beyond basic nutrition as dietary controls, is desirable.Objective: The effect of Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax (Dioscoreaceae) feed on satiety, weight, blood glucose, and insulin levels were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Twenty adult male rats in four groups of five were used for the experiment. Three groups – D. dumetorum, glibenclamide, and standard pellet-fed rats were induced with diabetes by i.p. administration of 50mg kg-1 streptozotocin, while the fouth group (?) served as a non-diabetic control. D. dumetorum was fed at 15g daily for ten days before induction, and after induction, feeding continued. Glibenclamide was orally administered 5mg kg-1 daily. Both the untreated and non-diabetic rats were kept on standard rat pellets. Feed intake, weight, and blood glucose concentration were monitored daily, while insulin level was measured on day two and day six after inductions. Results: Average feed intake for non-diabetic rats was 15g for D. dumetorum per day, which dropped to 10.3g after induction of diabetes. Weight of normal non-diabetic rats consistently increased (142.61 ± 4.37g – 169.43 ± 8.61g) for the duration (17 days) of the experiment. The D. dumetorum-fed rats showed weight reduction of 5.4%, glibenclamide 4.0%, and untreated diabetic 6.15%. Non-diabetic rats blood glucose levels ranged between 70 to 100mg dL-1. Streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p.) administration increased blood glucose levels from 370% to 626% in the rats. D. dumetorum-fed rats showed reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose levels of 22.6%. Glibenclamide had 5.5% reduction (p<0.05). Insulin was absent in D. dumetorum-fed rats, whereas 0.95ng ml-1 of insulin was detected in glibenclamide-administered rats. These quantities were lower (p<0.001) than 1.40ng ml-1 in the non-diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study revealed that D. dumetorum tuber caused decreased hunger, weight reduction, and displayed hypoglycemic property in diabetic rats, even after heat treatment. Its probable mechanism of anti-hyperglycemic activity might not be through increased insulin secretion.Key words: D. dumetorum, streptozotocin-induced diabetes, weight, blood glucose, insulin.
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Objective To study the effect of the cactus powder on the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats.Methods The diabetic animal model was induced by alloxan.The high,middle and low doses of the cactus powder were mixed into the basic diet and fed to the rats.Results The high(10g/kg·d) and middle(5.0g/kg·d) doses of the cactus powder markedly decreased the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats,and the high dose significantly decreased the urine capacity of the diabetic rats.But the three doses had no significant effect on the blood glucose of the normal rats.Conclusion The cactus powder can significantly decrease the blood glucose and urine capacity of the diabetic rats induced by alloxan.
Alloxan
Blood sugar
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Traditionally, leaf infusions of Brachylaena discolor are used for the treatment of diabetes and renal conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a methanolic leaf extract of B. discolor in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ; blood glucose levels greater than 20 mmol/L measured after 7 days confirmed a stable diabetic mellitus state. Two doses of the test extract (50 and 150 mg/ml) were administered daily via oral dosing to both STZ-induced and control rats. Blood was obtained from the tail vein and used to measure the effects of the extract on the biochemical profile of the rats over 28 days. The methanolic leaf extract of B. discolor at both doses (50 and 150 mg/ml) caused a significant reduction in the blood glucose levels at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with the normal rats (negative control). Significant differences were also observed in alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total bilirubin and body weights of extract treated diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats, normal rats and metformin treated rats. Findings suggest that B. discolor exhibits significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Key words: Diabetes, streptozotocin, Brachylaena discolor, Wistar rats.
Intraperitoneal injection
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The hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Gynocardia odorata roxb (MEGO) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats was studied in this present study. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg body weight). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with MEGO orally at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days. Glibenclamide (1 mg/kg, orally) was used as reference drug. The fasting blood glucose levels were measured on each 7th day during the 21 days of treatment. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid content were estimated. MEGO at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally significantly (P < 0.01) and dose dependently reduced and normalized blood glucose levels as compared to that of STZ control group; the dose 400 mg/kg being the most potent showing complete normalization of blood glucose levels. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid profile were significantly (P < 0.01) restored toward normal levels in MEGO-treated rats as compared to STZ control animals. This study concludes that Gynocardia odorata roxb demonstrated promising hypoglycemic action in STZ-induced diabetic rats substantiating its ethno medicinal use. Although this study establishes the traditional role of Gynocardia odorata roxb in the diabetes but still further exhaustive studies are required to find out and establish the main compound responsible for this activity as drug.
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Objective:To study the hypoglycemic effect of Yikang capsules in the diabetic mouce and rat model.Method: Alloxan were injected in ICR mice(85 mg·kg-1) and SD rats(60 mg·kg-1) by Intravenous injection,then the diabetic model was established after 72 h.ICR mice and SD rats were divided into seven groups randomly,Yikang capsules high,medium and low dose groups,control group,model control group,positive control group(metformin hydrochloride),Jinqi tablet control group.and corresponding drugs were given for 11 days,then the glucose tolerance was observed.Result: Yikang capsules high,medium and low-dose showed hypoglycemic action in diabetic ICR mice.Compared with the model group,there was significant difference in blood glucose level(P0.01).Hypoglycemic percentage was 23.8%,21.1%and 18.7%,respectively.Yikang capsules could significantly inhibit the increased blood glucose at the day 11 of administration and at 24 hours of withdrawal;Yikang capsules could improve the glucose tolerance of the normal mice.Conclusion: Yikang capsules has a hypoglycemic action in diabetic ICR mouce and rat model induced by alloxan,and can improve the glucose tolerance of normal mice.
Alloxan
Metformin Hydrochloride
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Objective:To study the influence of Ginseng Two-ingredient Capsule on blood glucose and blood lipids in the diabetic rats.Method: Sixty SPF male Wistar rats with the weight of(180 ± 20) g were given normal forage adaptively for 7 days.Ten rats were selected randomly to form normal group.With high fat forage diet of four weeks,the rest 50 rats were injected with 30 mg.kg-1 of STZ intraperitioneally to establish rat model of diabetes.The model rats were randomly divided into model control group with 10 rats,Ginseng Two-ingredient Capsule group with 10 rats ig given the capsule,metformin hydrochloride group with 10 rats served metformin hydrochloride by way of ig,and Ginseng-Astragalus Hypoglycemic Granule group with 10 rats treated with Ginseng-Astragalus Hypoglycemic Granule by way of ig for 14 days.The fasting blood glucose and weight of the rats were measured before the treatments and after the treatments for two weeks.Blood sample was finally obtained from aorta of rats.Triglyceride and cholesterol were tested to evaluate the influence of Ginseng Two-ingredient Capsule on blood glucose,blood lipids,and the body weight in the diabetic rats was also investigated.Result: Fourteen days later after medicine treatment,Ginseng Two-ingredient Capsule could reduce blood sugar and blood lipids in the type 2 diabetic rats and control weight-reduction for rats effectively which have significant difference compared with that in the model group(P 0.05).Conclusion: Ginseng Two-ingredient Capsule can reduce blood sugar and blood lipids in type 2 diabetic rats and control weight-reduction for the rats effectively.However,its hypoglycemic effectwas inferior to that of metformin or Ginseng-Astragalus hypoglycemic Granule.
Ingredient
Capsule
Blood sugar
Acarbose
Astragalus
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This study was undertaken to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Moringa oleifera (family: Moringaceae) ethanolic extract in normal (normoglycemic) and STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats. In one set of experiment, graded doses of the leaves extract (250 and 500 mg/kg i.p.) were separately administered to groups of fasted normal and fasted STZ diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect of the ethanolic leaves extract was compared with that of insulin 6 i.u/kg in fasted normal and STZ diabetic rats. Following treatment, relatively moderate to high doses of Moringa oleifera (250 and 500 mg/kg i.p.) produced a dose-dependent, significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose levels of fasted STZ diabetic rats only. A significant decrease in the blood glucose levels after 1-7 h of administration with the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg was observed in the STZ diabetic group when compared to control. As regards to the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg for the fasted normal rats, there was significant increase in the blood glucose levels when compared to control. In conclusion the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera possesses hypoglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic Wistar rats only.
Moringa
Streptozocin
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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action or both. India is known as the diabetic capital of the world. The study of plants having antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities gives a new approach in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Eriobotrya japonica (EBJS) in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route. Rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Group I served as non-diabetic control, Group II as diabetic control, Group IIIrd received antidiabetic standard drug (10 mg/kg of glibenclamide) Group IV and Group V received 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w of EBJS. Blood samples were analysed for blood glucose on day 1,4,7 and day 10 th and lipid profile was analysed on day 10. All the values are expressed as Mean+SEM. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by students t test. p<0.001 was considered highly significant. The ethanolic extract of EBJS at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed highly significant reduction in blood glucose and serum lipid profile levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats. It is concluded that ethanolic extract of EBJS is effective in controlling blood glucose levels and in improving lipid profile in diabetic rats.
Alloxan
Eriobotrya
Lipid Profile
Intraperitoneal injection
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Diabetes was induced in Groups II, III and IV rats by alloxan monohydrate at the rate of 180 mg/kg body weight. Body weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) after Coldenia procumbens treatment. Treatment with C. procumbens significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level from 394.17 +/- 10.52 (mg/dl) to 152.83 +/- 2.15 (mg/dl) in rats when compared with diabetic control group of rats. Serum triglyceride levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 152.33 +/- 2.75 (mg/dl) to 109.17 +/- 1.74 (mg/dl) in C. procumbens-treated rats. Treatment with C. procumbens significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the serum cholesterol level from 59.83 +/- 1.01 (mg/dl) to 44.33 +/- 1.96 (mg/dl) in rats. The analysis of data indicates that the test drug has good hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.
Alloxan
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Objective:To observe the effect of Huoxuejiedu Decoction on reducing blood sugar function of rats suffering from diabetes mellitus by experiences.Methods:Rats were injected 30mg/kg without a second time by using strepozocin(STZ) to establish rat model of diabetes mellitus and were randomly divided into six groups,additionally establishing the control group,continully infusing rats with drugs 30days,gauging random blood sugar,measuring weight and doing glucose tolerance test.Results:The blood sugar density of rat's which were infused with respective dose of HXJD Decoction group was significantly lower than that of diabetes mellitus of model group(P﹤0.05).HXJD Decoction group can not only slow down the drop of diabetic rats'weight,but also obviously improve their glucose tolerance's capacities.
Decoction
Blood sugar
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