Study on the Mechanism of Redistribution of Interests in Land Expropriation——Based on the Perspective of Local Government
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Recently,There are many problems and contradictions in the land expropriation process,its roots in the interests of the land use changes could not be equitable distribution among various groups.The local governments to act as the most direct recruitment of the subject in the land acquisition,and in games hold the absolute informations and systems superiority in the process and the result.To use rural-urban land conversion model to analyze the benefit redistribution from farmland to the construction land,then analyzes the local authority to draft the behavior main driving influence.Then propose the rational distribution benefit of the countermeasure:First,regulate the local governments' behaviors in the land expropriation.Secondly,improve the land requisition system.Thirdly,increase participation of farmers whose land was expropriated.Keywords:
Expropriation
Requisition
Redistribution
Countermeasure
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Most developing countries face problems that what role the government should play and how to do some actions in economic development. At present,it gives us a good case to analysis that he local government actively intervene in the agricultural land expropriation. In the process of land expropriation,local government act as the only intermediary of transforming from agricultural land to urban land (including public land and commercial land) circulation because it has the right of land expropriation. Local Government's power follows a political logic in the acquisition of agricultural land,which is related with Chinese political and economic systems. It is the result of the top-down political achievement pressure in the political and economic systems; but also relates with the local governments to Acquisitive local Interests,for example,the local fiscal revenue. The behaviors of local government promote the economic development,but they also bring a number of social problems. To promote the sustained,rapid and sound development,it is necessary to change the pressure-type system initiatively and timely.
Expropriation
Government revenue
Agricultural land
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The paper aims to explore options to improve land expropriation system of china. Starting by theoretically analyses economic motives underlying government monopoly of land expropriation, the paper tries to expose interests protected or damaged under current expropriation regime with help of local equilibrium method. It is concluded the current land expropriation regime put more weights on government interests than on other parties. As options for reforming, the paper thought first of all, it is imperative to explicitly define the public benefit and government's land expropriation power; Secondly, compensation should be reformed to be market-based and incorporated with social insurance system; thirdly, control mechanism to avoid government's violence should be established.
Expropriation
Introspection
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The purpose of this study is to explore the expropriation compensation system,the economic reason of social problems caused by land transfer system,and their impacts on cultivated land protection policies in China.Methods employed include economic analysis and model analysis.The study explains the economic reasons for the interest protection for peasants whose land is expropriated or transfered and phenomena such low-price expropriation and high-price transfer or high-price expropriation and low-price transfer.In the study,a land expropriation-transfer market-correlated model is proposed and an analysis of the characteristics and interests of the involving parties of the virtual land expropriation-transfer interacting market conducted.It is concluded that as long as the government has the motive of using land for arbitrage,the virtual market can not be totally balanced.Cost of cultivated land protection under optimal land redevelopment is measured and suggestions are given.
Expropriation
Cite
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Proceeding with China's urbanization and industrialization,the existing land of the city can not meet the requirements of the construction,and the expropriation of rural collective land become inevitable.However,due to the defects of land expropriation system in our country,the legitimate rights and interests of farmers often are violated and the land disputes and the petitioners incidence arise frequentl,which leading to intensification of social contradictions.Therefore,researching and analyzing China's land expropriation problems,exploring and finding effective solutions to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers have become the urgent questions.Under the guidance of the target,this paper analyses the state of relationship in the process of expropriation between farmers and the nation from the perspective of basic system,and explains the reasons why famers' interests are damaged under the existing land system.Finally,it proposes the corresponding solutions.
Expropriation
Industrialisation
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There are some defects in the existing distribution system of collective land proceeds.For example,peasant collective and farmers cannot share the developmental interests in the process of land expropriation;Land lost farmers' land rights are violated;the too much proportion of profits during the process of land expropriation is obtained by the government.The reasons for the defects in income distribution system of land expropriation are the lack of dynamic development income of land and farmers' land rights guarantees and the financial dependence of local governments on the land.Based on the defects existing in the current income distribution system of land expropriation in our country,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: a reasonable system should be established for the land development rights;the approval to register should be earnestly carry out to give legal documents to farmers who can share the land value-added income;the allocation proportion of land income that the central authorities participate in should be increased.
Expropriation
Peasant
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Along with the rapid urbanization,the administration system of land expropriation based on the dual urban-rural system and planned economy,is in great need of reform and change in China. In 2013,theDecision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reformsapproved by the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,clearly put forward the decision to establish a unified urban and rural construction land market. However,the specific reform measures and measures have not yet been issued until now. Therefore,surrounding the special issue of collective land expropriation,this article analyzes the institutions causing the large amount of farmland expropriation,the low land compensation standard,and the inequitable distribution of the value-added benefits. And combined with the experiences of pilot cases across the country and related theoretical researches,it also comes up with the future paths and strategies for the reform of collective land expropriation and benefits distribution system in China.
Expropriation
Land Administration
Plenary session
Value (mathematics)
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Compared with state-owned land,collectively-owned land receives less respect and is faced with far more restrictions under the current land administration regime.When it comes to land expropriation,conflicts often rises as appropriate compensation can hardly be made to owners of the land(collectives and farmers).To effectively protect their land rights and reduce social contradictions,an innovative collective land regime should be established.The land administration law should be amended under the guidance of a new guideline.It is only of expedient character to adopt different policies upon collectively-owned land at different stages of urbanization.What should be effectively regulated is not farmers' collective actions but land expropriation by the government.Only in this way will the ownership of collectively-owned land be fully respected and ensuing problems be settled.
Expropriation
Land Administration
Land Rights
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The compensation for land expropriation and requisition has not only a bearing on farmers' vital interests,but also the harmonious development of the state and society.Based upon the experience and theory of other countries,the paper analyzes the issues related to the compensation for land expropriation via analysis methods of public policy from the following aspects: allocation of landownership and land use right,the standard of compensation,the scope and procedure of land expropriation and requisition.It goes on to offer some specific measures for solving these problems: according to the real situation,progressively promoting the reform of the system of collective land ownership,strictly control the scope of land expropriation and requisition,perfecting a mechanism for market-driven compensation,increasing the transparency in land expropriation and requisition decision-making and strengthening supervision on land expropriation and requisition activities.
Requisition
Expropriation
Scope (computer science)
Adverse selection
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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the public interests in land expropriation. Methods of economics were used to analyze legal issues involved. The results indicate that land expropriation is a social choice based on personal choices, and a substitution by government for market to directly allocate land resources, which should meet an economic condition(market failure)and three legal conditions(public interests, proper compensation, and legal procedures). The conclusion is that public interests in land expropriation are of Kaldor-Hicks Efficiency. Land expropriation can raise allocation efficiency of land resources, which will eventually compensate the farmers for their loss and improve their welfare.
Expropriation
Economic Efficiency
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With the development of economy,more and more rural land is being required by the government,local or central. Because of the speeding progress of land compensation and the increasing of the number of the farmers who has been losing their land,the conflicts between the governmental land requisition behaviors and the farmers’ interests make the relationship of the two become tenser and tenser. This paper probes into the problems in land requisition course and the consequent reasons for them;and then offers some suggestions on how to perfect land compensation mechanism.
Requisition
Expropriation
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