[Experimental infection of Galba pervia, Radix swinhoei and Physa acuta with Fasciola hepatica in Dali, Yunnan].
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Abstract:
To determine the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Dali of Yunnan Province, and investigate its development and characteristics.F. hepatica eggs from cattle were collected from July 2012 to July 2013, and placed in 28 degrees C water bath for incubation. Galba pervia, Radix swinhoei, and Physa acuta were collected from Dali, and used to be infected with F. hepatica in the laboratory. Trematode infections were excluded from the snails before experiment. All the snails were infected with F. hepatica miracidia, reared in mud pots. Dead snails were dissected for observing the development of F. hepatica. The metacercariae were collected and identified by PCR amplification of partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene.A total of 1 146 R. swinhoei, 996 P. acuta, and 3 307 G. pervia snails were infected with F. hepatica, respectively. Mother rediae were found in two R. swinhoei snails, but no child rediae were observed in the snails. No larval forms were found in P. acuta. G. pervia was infected by F. hepatica with an infection rate of 27.2% (900/3307). The miracidium escaped from the egg and penetrated into G. pervia at temperature 22 degrees C, developed into a sporocyst after 7-15 days, which transformed into mother redia at the 11 st-20th day post-infection. The mother redia developed into daughter redia at the 30th-37th day, and produced cercaria with longtail, and became metacercaria at the 42nd-55th day. PCR confirmed that the metacercariae were that of F. hepatica, with an obvious band (approximately 500 bp).Among the three potential intermediate hosts in Dali, G. pervia is experimentally infected with F. hepatica.Keywords:
Hepatica
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Fasciolosis
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Hepatica
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Fasciolosis is a foodborne trematodosis affecting many cattle farms in Cuba. Ten dairy farms in western Cuba were studied to assess the prevalence in both intermediate and definitive hosts. A single stool sample from 455 dairy cows was taken and studied. The animals were randomly selected and the samples were kept at -20oC until infection was determined. Detection of the Fasciola hepatica infection was carried out using a noncommercial sandwich-ELISA called FasciDIG®. Results showed that 146 samples were positive for F. hepatica (32.09%) with every farm testing positive for F. hepatica infection, while prevalence ranged from 9.5% to 84% among farms. It was also possible to detect the presence of the two species of intermediate hosts of this trematode in Cuba, Galba cubensis and Pseudosuccinea columella. Main attention must be given to bovine prevalence found in this study in order to prevent eventual human outbreaks of this disease.
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Regular monthly examination of a total of 422 donkey livers revealed Fasciola hepatica infection throughout most of the year, with an annual prevalence of 5.9% (range 0-20%). The monthly mean number of worms per animal varied from 0 to 6.4 (annual average 1.6). Of the infected animals 40% had less than ten worms, 28% between ten and 40, 24% between 41 and 70, and 8% over 71. The maximum number of flukes recovered from a single animal was 87. There were two peaks of infection, one in July (from the spring snail infection) and the other in December-February (from the snail infection of late summer-autumn).
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Experimental infections of Egyptian Radix natalensis with French miracidia of Fasciola hepatica were carried out to determine if this snail might act as an intermediate host in the life cycle of this digenean in Egypt. Single exposures of R. natalensis to miracidia (2/snail) and two successive exposures (a total of 4 miracidia/snail) were performed using lymnaeids measuring 1 to 6 mm in height. Live larval forms of F. hepatica were noted in single- and double-exposed snails. In double exposures, a significant increase of snail survival on day 28 post-exposure (at 24 °C) and an decrease in prevalence were noted when the height of snails at exposure was increasing. Cercariae of F. hepatica were shed by these snails (90.7/snail) during a mean patent period of 24.3 days. All snails have released these cercariae during 2-13 waves of shedding. According to these results, R. natalensis can be considered a potential intermediate host of F. hepatica in Egypt.
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