Effect of Cr content on heat treatment process and thermal-stability of hot work steel
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Thermal-stability of 4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel and 4Cr5SiWMoVNb steel with different content of Cr was investigated by means of OM,SEM,TEM and calculation using ThermoCalc software and TCFE3 database.The results show that the optimum quenching temperature of 4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel and 4Cr5SiWMoVNb steel is 1000 ℃ and 1030 ℃.When the tempering temperature is higher than 600 ℃,4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel shows better tempering resistance.The hardness of 4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel and 4Cr5SiWMoVNb steel both decreases during long time aging at the tempering temperature.But there is more Cr 23 C 6 carbides in the 4Cr5SiWMoVNb steel,which tend to grow and coarsen during tempering,and the recrystallization of the steel occurs more quickly.That is the reason that the hardness of 4Cr5SiWMoVNb steel decreases more quickly than that of 4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel during tempering.And the 4Cr3SiWMoVNb steel has better thermal-stability.Keywords:
Tempering
Recrystallization (geology)
Thermal Stability
Hot work
High Speed Steel
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The effect of tempering temperature and preheating on microstructure and mechanical properties of a high resistivity and magnentic permeability duplex stainless steel 1Cr17Ni2Si2 was studied by SEM,EDS and DSC.The results show that the microstructure of 1Cr17Ni2Si2 steel after quenching and low temperature tempering is tempering martensite,δ-ferrite and a small mount of carbide.With tempering temperature increasing,it results in the dispersed precipitation of the carbides which tempering martensite disassembles into.So the tensile strength and impact toughness decrease.After preheating at 850 ℃ for 1 h,much more carbides can dissolve in matrix,and not precipitate at grain boundary,and more martensite can be obtained after tempering cooling.Then higher impact toughness and strength are obtained than that without preheating in the steel.Final optimal heat treatment is preheating at 850 ℃ for 1 h,austenitizing at 1050 ℃ for 2 h,cooling in oil and tempering at 340 ℃ for 2 h,cooling in air.
Tempering
Heat treating
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The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr8Mo2VSi and D2 cold work steels were investigated.The results show that carbides in Cr8Mo2VSi were more finer and distributed uniformly than in D2 steel.After heating at 1020-1040 ℃ then quenching in oil,Cr8Mo2VSi had lower hardness than that of D2 steel,but after tempering at higher temperature,secondary hardening of Cr8Mo2VSi was more obvious and Cr8Mo2VSi by 1-2HRC was harder than D2 steel,furthermore Cr8Mo2VSi had better combination of toughness and strength than D2.
Tempering
Work hardening
Hardening (computing)
Hot work
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The heat treatment process of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si high-speed steel was tested in conditions of different quenching and tempering temperatures,then,material microstructure and hardness were analysized.The results show that the hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is little when quenching temperature is below 1200 ℃ and at tempering 600 ℃.The tempering hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel under the conditions of 1250 ℃ quenching temperature decreases with the increase of tempering temperature.The highest hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is 67.1 HRC around when the material is treated by 1250 ℃quenching and 560 ℃tempering.And the microstructure of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is mainly made up of mesh or half mesh carbides,granular carbides and tempered martensite.
Tempering
High Speed Steel
Heat treating
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Taking die steel as the object, the influence of quenching and tempering temperatures on the microstructures,hardness and wear resistance of test steel was analyzed. The results show that, when increasing quenching temperatures, the hardness of test steel increase with the largest hardness when quenched at 1 100 ℃. By rising tempering temperatures, the hardness of the steel increase, when tempered at 560 ℃, the steel has the maximum hardness and wear resistance. The best heat treatment condition is: 1 100 ℃ quenching in oil and followed by 560 ℃ tempering of 2 h.
Tempering
Vickers hardness test
Heat treating
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Tempering
Lath
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Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 1Cr13 Stainless Steel
1050 ℃ oil quenching 1Cr13 stainless steel was tempered at different tempering temperature,then the mechanical properties were tested and the microstructure was analyzed.The results show that the martensite decomposes constantly with the increase of tempering temperature,when the temperature is higher than 450 ℃,alloy carbides starts to separate out along the grain boundaries;when the temperature is higher than 600 ℃,martensite decomposes and transforms to sorbite,alloy carbides is dispersed and begin to grow up with spheroidizing.Change in the microstructure results in the big change of mechanical properties,with the increase of tempering temperature,hardness and tensile strength reduces,and impact toughness improves significantly.Especially the 1050 ℃ oil quenching and 650-750 ℃ air cold tempering can get good comprehensive mechanical performance.
Tempering
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A 1000MPa grade steel plate for coal mining machinery equipment was studied in this paper. The ultra-high strength steel plate is processed by direct quenching after hot rolling plus tempering (DQ-T) to obtain high toughness and ductility. It has found that the tempering temperature has an important influence on the steel microstructure, precipitation behavior and the plate mechanical properties. At the lower tempering temperatures from 400 °C to 450 °C, the steel plate has a low toughness. When the tempering temperature is higher than 450 °C, the higher mechanical properties can be obtained due to the carbides precipitation, dislocation dissolution and carbide decomposition from residual austenite after quenching. The steel microstructure is comprised of tempered sorbite and bainite, in which sorbite plays an important role in obtaining premium microstructure.
Tempering
Ductility (Earth science)
Precipitation hardening
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Effects of different normalizing temperatures,tempering temperatures and holding times,cooling rates on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon martensite stainless steel ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo was studied.Microstructure and phase composition of the steel were observed by OM,SEM,TEM and XRD.Room temperature tensile test and 0 ℃impact test were carried out,and fracture morphology of the steel was characterized by SEM.The results show that the normalizing temperature has a great influence on the low carbon martensite stainless steel.When the normalizing temperature reaches γ+δ dual phase region,δ ferrite is formed and it's hard to be eliminated during the following heat treatment processes.Even very low content of δ ferrite(about 1%) will do harm to toughness of the steel.Under faster cooling rate,the steel can obtain higher toughness and lower strength.A longer time tempering induces lower strength,while the ductility has no significant difference compared to shorter time tempering.
Tempering
Carbon steel
Ductility (Earth science)
Dual-phase steel
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In order to explore the fitted heat treatment process of spray forming Nb-contained M3: 2 high speed steel,the effects of quenching and tempering temperatures on phase component,microstructure and hardness of the steel were investigated by XRD,SEM and hardness teast. The results show that the as-qunched microstructrue of the steel consists of martensite,retained austenite and carbides. The amount of carbides decreases with the increasing quenching temperatures. The hardness increases initially and then decreases with quenching temperature increasing. The second hardening of the steel is not found after quenching at low temperature and tempering processes. After quenching at 1220 ℃ and tempering at 560 ℃,the better hardness of the steel is 66. 7 HRC.
Tempering
Hardening (computing)
High Speed Steel
Heat treating
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The influence of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of hot working die steel H13 and 5Cr4NiMo2VCo were studied by OM,SEM and hardness test. The results show that,the quenching hardness of the 5Cr4NiMo2VCo steel is higher than that of the H13 steel at the same quenching temperature; when the quenching temperature is above 1030 ℃,the grain coarsening rate is increased significantly,so that the quenching temperature should not exceed 1030 ℃. The tempering hardness of the 5Cr4NiMo2VCo steel is higher than the H13 steel,and the secondary hardening peak temperatures of the two steels are the same as 510 ℃,but the secondary hardening peak hardness of the5Cr4NiMo2VCo steel is 3. 7 HRC higher than that of the H13 steel. The 5Cr4NiMo2 VCo steel has better tempering stability at higher tempering temperature.
Tempering
Hardening (computing)
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