Influence of Heat Treatment Conditions on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Die Steel
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Taking die steel as the object, the influence of quenching and tempering temperatures on the microstructures,hardness and wear resistance of test steel was analyzed. The results show that, when increasing quenching temperatures, the hardness of test steel increase with the largest hardness when quenched at 1 100 ℃. By rising tempering temperatures, the hardness of the steel increase, when tempered at 560 ℃, the steel has the maximum hardness and wear resistance. The best heat treatment condition is: 1 100 ℃ quenching in oil and followed by 560 ℃ tempering of 2 h.Keywords:
Tempering
Vickers hardness test
Heat treating
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The effects of quenching and tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength-toughness and wear-resistant cast steel were studied.The results show that the hardness of the cast steel increases with increase of quenching temperature,while quenching temperature is lower than 930 ℃,and vice versa,while quenching temperature is higher than 930 ℃.The impact toughness of the cast steel firstly increases with increase of quenching temperature,and then decreases.The impact toughness increases and the hardness decreases slowly along with increase of tempering temperature.High strength-toughness and wear-resistant cast steel can have high strength,hardness and high toughness after oil quenching at 930 ℃ for 2 h and tempering at 240 ℃ for 2 h.The hardness is ≥54 HRC,the impact toughness is ≥43 J/cm2,the microstructure is martensite and residual austenite,and impact fracture of the steel is quasi-cleavage failure.
Tempering
Heat treating
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The effects of tempering temperatures on microstructral and mechanical properties of in oil quenched low-alloyed Cr-Ni-Mo steel casting intended for wear resistant tool have been studied. In as-quenched condition an inhomogeneous martenzite microstructure with about 10 % retained austenite was achieved, which have had average tensile strength 1442 MPa and hardness 53 HRc. Tempering of iol quenched steel samples was performed in 400 to 700 °C temperature interval. Heat induced martenzite destabilization and carbide precipitations resulted by linear decrease tensile strength from 1600 to 800 MPa and yield strength from 1400 to 600 MPa, as well as by instantaneous increase of elogation and contraction from 5 to 20 % and 10 to 50 % respectively. Microstructural changes with increasing of tempering temperatures were also followed by average decrease of hardness from 45 to 22 HRc.
Tempering
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The heat treatment process of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si high-speed steel was tested in conditions of different quenching and tempering temperatures,then,material microstructure and hardness were analysized.The results show that the hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is little when quenching temperature is below 1200 ℃ and at tempering 600 ℃.The tempering hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel under the conditions of 1250 ℃ quenching temperature decreases with the increase of tempering temperature.The highest hardness of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is 67.1 HRC around when the material is treated by 1250 ℃quenching and 560 ℃tempering.And the microstructure of W6Mo5Cr4V2Si steel is mainly made up of mesh or half mesh carbides,granular carbides and tempered martensite.
Tempering
High Speed Steel
Heat treating
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The effects of heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 steel were studied by means of hardness and metallographic experiments and defects analyzing. The results show that the hardness of H13 steel may reach the optimum use range(48~52 HRC) after quenching at 1 050℃×200 s, then cooling in warm water (50~60℃) and tempering at 560~600℃for 2h .After secondary tempering on the condition of the same tempering process, this material may obtain more homogeneous and stable microstructure and proper hardness.
Tempering
Heat treating
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Tempering temperature and strengthening and toughening correlation for subcritical quenched 45 steel
The relationships between the tempering temperature and strengthening and toughening of sub-critical quenched 45 steel were investigated by metallographic examination,hardness testing,impact and tensile experiments and related factors were discussed.The results show that when the sub-critical quenching temperature is higher than 770 ℃,quenching hardness is not lower than conventional quenching hardness at 840 ℃.The effect of the tempering temperature on the hardness of sub-critical quenching microstructure shows the tempering hardness at temperature below 400 ℃ is higher than that of conventional quenching at 840 ℃ following the tempering at same temperature.Whereas high temperature tempering is performed,tempering hardness changes in contrast.At the tempering temperature range from 200 ℃ to 600 ℃,the strength of the sub-critical quenching and tempering is lower than that of conventional quenching at 840 ℃ and tempering,but there is the contrary trend for tempering toughness.The strength of the sub-critical quenching following tempering at 400 ℃ reaches the extremum.The improvement on tempering hardness and toughness by residual ferrite exceeds that on the tempering strength.
Tempering
Toughening
Vickers hardness test
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Steel bearings have plenty of usages in manufacturing different kinds of ball bearings, bearings and cold rolling rollers. Heat treatment has an important role in the properties of this group of steels. Therefore, in current research the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure, hardness, impact energy and wear resistance in forged steel containing Chrome, Manganese and Molybdenum will be studied. For this purpose, the samples were tempered after austenitizing at 900ºC and quenching in the oil at 6 temperatures of 150, 250, 350, 450, 550 and 650 ºC for an hour. Then microstructural studies and mechanical properties of the samples including hardness, impact energy and wear resistance were surveyed on the samples. The results showed that the hardness was gradually decreased (impact energy gradually increased) at the temperature range of 150 - 250 ˚C and at temperature range of 350 -650ºC, the hardness would decrease and the impact energy would increase. Also, the wear resistance would decrease with an increase in the tempering temperature. The result should be justified considering the softening of the structure and the reduction in martensite tetragonality which stems from an increase in the tempering temperature. The study of the wear surface of the samples indicated that the dominant wear mechanism was adhesive wear in which with an increase the tempering temperature due to a reduction in the hardness of the samples, more sever adhesive wear was observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.6.22478
Tempering
Impact energy
Atmospheric temperature range
Adhesive wear
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In order to explore the fitted heat treatment process of spray forming Nb-contained M3: 2 high speed steel,the effects of quenching and tempering temperatures on phase component,microstructure and hardness of the steel were investigated by XRD,SEM and hardness teast. The results show that the as-qunched microstructrue of the steel consists of martensite,retained austenite and carbides. The amount of carbides decreases with the increasing quenching temperatures. The hardness increases initially and then decreases with quenching temperature increasing. The second hardening of the steel is not found after quenching at low temperature and tempering processes. After quenching at 1220 ℃ and tempering at 560 ℃,the better hardness of the steel is 66. 7 HRC.
Tempering
Hardening (computing)
High Speed Steel
Heat treating
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The expansion curves during the procedure of continuous cooling for high vanadium high speed steel(HSS)was tempered at 250 ℃、550 ℃ and 600 ℃ after 1 050 ℃ quenching were determined by the Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation test device in order to determine the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure,the microstructure of samples at different tempering temperatures were analyzed by means of SEM,TEM and X-ray diffraction.The wear resistance of the material at different tempering temperatures was studied by the HST-100 friction wear testing machine.The results show that the abrasive wear performance of the material is excellent under 550 ℃ tempering after 1 050 ℃ quenching because of the decrease of the amount of retained austenite,therefore the heat treatment of 550 ℃ tempering after quenching is optimal.
Tempering
High Speed Steel
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The heat treatment process of a new type of copper alloy die casting die steel was discussed.The effects of quenching temperature,tempering temperature and time on microstructure and mechanical properties of steel were studied.The results show that with quenching temperature increasing,the size of grain growes up,when quenching temperature is higher than 1100 ℃,the grain becomes bulky.At the quenching temperature of 1100 ℃,the hardness of steel is 63 HRC,and the room temperature tensile strength of steel is 1897 MPa.At 600 ℃,high temperature tensile strength is 1117 MPa.The best heat treatment process is:quenching at 1100 ℃ and then tempering at 500 ℃ for 5 h.
Tempering
Heat treating
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The effect of different quenching and tempering temperatures on mechanical properties of low alloy wear resistant steel was investigated.The results indicate that after quenching at 850 ℃ for 45 min and tempering at 430 ℃ for 60 min,the specimens had the best combination of impact toughness and hardness.
Tempering
Carbon steel
Heat treating
Alloy steel
Carbon fibers
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