A Precautionary Model of Power Grid Cascading Failure Based on Synergetic Theory
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The synergetic concept on precaution of power system cascading failures is presented and a precautionary model for cascading failures is established,and system cascading failure risk coefficient that reflects the distance between operation point of power system and self-organized critical point as well as branch cascading failure risk coefficient that characterizes incident extent among branches of power system are led into the established model.By means of comparing the searching process of cascading failure mode with Chinese character input method for mobile phone,a hybrid method based cascading failure mode searching method is proposed.The search results by the proposed method show that by use of this model the threaten extent of cascading failures under different operating modes can be compared,and the solving process of this model can be used as the foundation to prevent single cascading failures.Thus the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model in the prevention of power system large-scale blackout is validated.Keywords:
Cascading failure
Blackout
Mode (computer interface)
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Cascading failure
Power-system protection
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Power grid cascading failures may cause large scale blackout and lead to serious consequences. The forecasting of the follow-up failures in the initial stage of the failure is very helpful. On the basis of analyzing developing process of the typical cascading failures, branch static energy function model is constructed comprehensively, and an energy index is built to map the change of flow. Meanwhile, combining with the electric betweenness that reflects the network structure vulnerability, considering the cumulative influence of previous failure on the following-up failure, a comprehensive margin index reflecting the change of state and structure after the grid failure is proposed to forecast the following-up cascading failures. The simulation results can search out a set of serious cascading failures, which shows the feasibility and validity of the method.
Cascading failure
Blackout
Margin (machine learning)
Vulnerability
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As cross-region power grid in China is established,power system cascading failures has become a key factor that threatens the stability of bulk power grids.For the purpose of investigating how the failure spreads in transmission system and assessing its operational risk with different protection configurations,this paper presented failure probability model of transmission lines based on real-time operating conditions and hidden failure model based on Markov method.According to hidden failure model and current operating mode of power system,a searching mode of cascading failures was introduced.Based on risk theory,operational risk assessment method and indicators of cascading failure in transmission system were further proposed under market condition,with a good combination of security and economy.Taking IEEE-RTS 79 system as an example,the vulnerable lines in it were identified.The example analysis demonstrates that,reasonable protection configuration can reduce the risks of hidden failures.Improving transmission capacity of lines can effectively reduce the risk of cascading failures.It also illustrates that risk assessment of cascading failures by use of operational reliability theory can reflect the state of the system accurately.
Cascading failure
Transmission system
Power transmission
Power-system protection
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Blackouts generally stem from cascading failures in power system operation. Their diminution requires very much the development of approaches and algorithms that analyze cascading failure risk and identify weak links of power system. Different from optimal load shedding model widely used in conventional risk assessment, this paper considers the impact of cascading failures on power system, and adopts a practical re-dispatch model. A fault chain model is established to better describe the propagation process of cascading failures and to calculate the occurrence probability of cascading failures quantitatively. To better understand how cascading failures propagate and to effectively identify weak links that are crucial for cascading failure propagation, this paper proposes the index called "risk participation factor" to measure the effect of branches on the reliability level of power system. Besides, Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to assess these indices. The proposed cascading failures model and fault chain model are validated on the IEEE 39-bus system. Results show that the proposed model that considers the propagation of cascading failures can provide more weak links information for power system planning and operation.
Cascading failure
Power-system protection
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It is an important theoretical and realistic significance for researching model for cascading failures to analyse,prevent and control cascading failures in complex networks.Based on related works,a new cascading model was proposed which is more practical and more suitable for real network.The simulation was executed on three typical complex networks respectively.The results show that the new model reaches the stronger robustness level against cascading failures than previous models.And comparing the robustness level against cascading failures under different parameters in the three networks,it is a reference to choose the suitable topology structure of network and the matching value of adjustable parameter for future.
Cascading failure
Robustness
Interdependent networks
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Cascading failure
Power grid
Power-system protection
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Cascading failure plays an important role in blackouts. Complex network theory, with the disadvantage of ignoring some of physical features of the power systems, is often utilized to model the cascading failure evolution processes. In this paper, a new risk assessment method based on evolution procedure and dynamic fault trees (DFTs), is proposed to model cascading failures in power systems. DFTs, which extend standard fault tree by allowing the modeling of complex system components’ behaviors and interactions, are introduced to describe the cascading failure mathematical model. The power grid topologies affected by protective relays, circuit breakers and transmission lines are taken into consideration to overcome the disadvantages of complex network theory. The evolution of cascading failures of power system, which is modeled based on the DFT, is significantly closer to the actual physical system behavior. The effectiveness of the proposed risk assessment method is discussed using two test cases.
Cascading failure
Power-system protection
Power grid
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In order to prevent large scope blackouts, the paper has established a model of power system cascading failures from the perspective of risk .Taking both the load of branch and the power flow changes into account, the model defines the probability of branch outage which can reflect the real-time operating condition. The consequences severity of cascading failure is measured by bus low voltage, power line overload level and the amount of isolated loads. In the process of searching fault link, the paper uses the structure transmission importance of branch to determine the next breaking branch, which can speed the search of the cascading failure mode. The simulation of the IEEE 39-node system shows the effectiveness of the method.
Cascading failure
Scope (computer science)
Power network
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In bulk power systems,cascading failures initiated by common events often lead to blackouts.In this paper,a new simulation model of cascading failure is established to investigate the law that the faults spread in power grids,to estimate the outage risk and loss of cascading failures and to recognize the key elements which initiate the cascading faults.The system load conditions, weather conditions, hidden failures of the protective relays are considered in this model.The proposed method can be used to identify the key lines triggering cascading faults in different situations,and get the risk indices of cascading failure in a certain operating state.The application results on the IEEE-RTS and IEEE-57 bus system validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cascading failure
Power-system protection
Power grid
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In complex power grid, cascading failure that is triggered by some small disturbances can have global catastrophic effects over the entire networks, the theoretical modeling is the basic and key problem for the research on cascasding failures in complex power grid. On the basis of researching the mechanism of cascading failures occurred in power grids, the existing models for cascading failures in power gird are respectively presented and reviewed with the viewpoints of power system and complex network theory, and some feasible methods to prevent and control cascasding failures are analyzed. It is pointed out that the analysis and evaluation on network vulnerability will be the crux of the matter while the preclusive analysis of cascading failures is conducted. To control the failure spread the multi agent system (MAS) may be an effective approach. Finally, several research directions which are worth the whistle are proposed.
Cascading failure
Viewpoints
Power grid
Vulnerability
Power-system protection
Complex system
Power network
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