Optimization of Polysaccharide Extraction from Spirulina platensis by Cell Freeze-Thaw Cooperated with Hot Water Extraction and Deproteinization
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Hot water extraction
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Water extraction
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Brewer s spent grain (BSG) contains about 28% (db) water soluble polysaccharide, which could be a good resource of the plant polysaccharide. The extraction of water soluble polysaccharide of BSG under ultrasonic assistance was carried out. The optimum extraction conditions were found at the ultrasonic power of 180 W, extraction temperature of around 70 ℃, 15 min of ultrasonic treatment time, and the ratio of liquid to solid of 25:1 (ml/g). Under this condition, the yield of polysaccharide was up to 5.79%. Though the preliminary purification, the water soluble polysaccharide from BSG reached 92.59%. The results revealed that the extraction of water soluble plant polysaccharide was efficiently enhanced by ultrasound assistance.
Water extraction
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Porphyra
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Trichloroacetic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Bromelain
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Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide were investigated, which contained liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH. The results showed that pH was the most important factor of polysaccharide extraction, followed by temperature. The optimized extraction technology conditions were obtained. The liquid-solid ratio was 1:40, temperature was 90?C, time was 2.0 h, and pH was 2. The highest extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 8.30%.
Hot water extraction
Water extraction
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Arabinose
Rhamnose
Residue (chemistry)
Water extraction
Monosaccharide
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[Objective] To extract polysaccharide from mulberry leaf and determine its content.[Method] Polysaccharide was extracted by sodium hydroxide,analysis was made according to the four factors: concentration of NaOH,temperature,time and ratio of solid-liquid,optimum technology condition was selected by orthogonal experiment and optimum condition of extraction of polysaccharide from mulberry leaf by NaOH was found out,the content of polysaccharide was determined by phenol-vitriol.[Result] According to the single element experiment the best concentration of NaOH was 1.5 mol/L,temperature was 80 ℃,time was 4h and the ratio of solid-liquid was 1:50.According to the orthogonal experiment,the best condition was: NaOH was 0.5 mol/L,temperature was 80 ℃,time was 4h and the ratio of solid-liquid was 1:50,the content of polysaccharide was 2.55﹪.[Conclusion] The time of extraction made great difference on extraction of polysaccharide,best ratio could be got by orthogonal experiment on the base of single element to get more sufficient extraction.
Sodium hydroxide
Extraction ratio
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Tea was abstracted for two times by using cellulase under a suitable temperature in order to get tea polysaccharide (TP) without destroying its activity. The extraction of tea polysaccharide was carried out firstly in water under the condition of 50 ℃, 1:15 of ratio of/, 30 min. The percent of extraction was 2.33% for TP, and 6.82% (dry mass) for coarse tea polysaccharide (CTP). After a filtration, the residue was extracted in a citric acid sodium citrate buffer of pH 4.6 by using cellulase to degrade the cell wall to accelerate the releasing of tea polysaccharide. Through a perpendicular experiment, the optimum technical parameters were obtained: 55 ℃, 1∶14 of ratio of / , 2.2 μL/g tea of cellulase, 120 min. The percent of extraction of TP and CTP were 0.64% and 1.11 %, reached to 21.5% and 14.0% of the total extraction, respectively. As to those of the same conditions without cellulase, they only were 0.39% and 0.56%. The percent of extraction of TP and CTP in the second abstraction increased by 63.3% and 98.9%, respectively. The results showed that the total extraction percent of TP and CTP were 2.97% and 7.93%. The tea polysaccharide extracted by cellulase strongly, inhibited the α amylase activity, and might also have an activity in reducing blood sugar.
Water extraction
Reducing sugar
Residue (chemistry)
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The optimum conditions of water extraction for polysaccharide in Chinese yam were studied in this paper.Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 90 ℃ of extraction temperature,2 hours of extraction time,two times of extraction times;the ratio of material and water was 1∶30,and the effect of protein removed was the best when adding 3% trichloroacetic acid solution of concentrate 7.5% volume,and then polysaccharide of Chinese yam was isolated easily when adding 5 times volume absolute ethyl alcohol.
Trichloroacetic acid
Water extraction
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【Objective】This study compared the extraction rates of polysaccharide from brewer yeast slurry using different methods.【Method】Traditional hot water extraction method,ultrasonic wave,microwave assisted treatment,freezing and thawing method and enzyme method were applied to extract polysaccharide from brewer yeast slurry and their effects were compared.The synergistic action of two best methods was investigated as well.【Result】The polysaccharide extraction rate of traditional hot water extraction method was 12.8mg/g,and the cell wall broken rate was 38%.The treatment time of ultrasonic wave method was less than 30min with extraction rate of 17.6mg/g and the cell wall broken rate of 54%.The treatment time of microwave method was less than 3.5min with extraction rate of 16.6mg/g and the cell wall broken rate of 48%.When the material was treated for five times by freezing and thawing method,the highest extraction rate was 13.7mg/g and the highest cell wall broken rate was 42%.When the material was treated by enzyme method with enzyme content of 200IU/g and temperature of 50 ℃,the treatment time was about 15h,the extraction rate was 18.0mg/g,and the cell wall broken rate was 58%.Combined treatment of ultrasonic wave and enzyme methods reached an extraction rate of 24.5mg/g and a cell wall broken rate of 75%.【Conclusion】Ultrasonic wave and enzyme methods had synergistic action on extraction of polysaccharide.
Cell disruption
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The extraction technology of the polysaccharide from Carlerpa racemasa was studied with the combination of hot-water and enzyme method.The results indicated as follows: take the solid/liquid ratio 1:10,enzyme concentration 136.5U/g,hydrolysis temperature 60℃,enzymatic hydrolysis time 2.5 h,then adjust the solid/liquid ratio 1:20,extracting under 95 ℃ for 2.5 h.Under this condition,the yield of polysaccharide was 6.7%,which was higher than that of hot water extraction by 131.0%.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
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