Sequencing-Based Typing of HLA
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is largely performed by use of PCR-based techniques in patients that require stem cell transplantation. In this chapter, HLA typing by sequencing-based typing techniques is described.Keywords:
Tissue typing
Abstract Tissue typing usually refers to methods for detecting human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), although it is applicable to other species. The major practical need for tissue typing is to facilitate the transplantation of organs.
Tissue typing
Histocompatibility Testing
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ABSTRACT Tissue typing is the process by which an individual's human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are determined. In transplantation, this vital process allows the immunologic or rejection risk of a donor–recipient pairing to be assessed through reviewing their HLA matching and whether any anti‐HLA antibodies present in recipient serum are donor specific. Tissue typing has increased in sophistication over time which has allowed a deeper appreciation of the antigenically important parts of HLA and increased the complexity of determining immunologic risk.
Tissue typing
Sophistication
Histocompatibility
Histocompatibility Testing
Nephrology
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Tissue typing
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HLA typing in solid organ transplantation (SOT) is necessary for determining HLA-matching status between donor-recipient pairs and assessing patients' anti-HLA antibody profiles. Histocompatibility has traditionally been evaluated based on serologically defined HLA antigens. The evolution of HLA typing and antibody identification technologies, however, has revealed many limitations with using serologic equivalents for assessing compatibility in SOT. The significant improvements to HLA typing introduced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) require an assessment of the impact of this technology on SOT. We have assessed the role of high-resolution 2-field HLA typing (HR-2F) in SOT by retrospectively evaluating NGS-typed pre- and post-SOT cases. HR-2F typing was highly instructive or necessary in 41% (156/385) of the cases. Several pre- and posttransplant scenarios were identified as being better served by HR-2F typing. Five different categories are presented with specific case examples. The experience of another center (Temple University Hospital) is also included, whereby 21% of the cases required HR-2F typing by Sanger sequencing, as supported by other legacy methods, to properly address posttransplant anti-HLA antibody issues.
Tissue typing
Histocompatibility
Histocompatibility Testing
Sanger sequencing
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The typing results of 212 dialysis patients could be improved by 13%, using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with SSOs for defining HLA DR B polymorphism. So far 19 organ donors were also typed using a more rapid method: PCR with SSP.
Tissue typing
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Tissue typing
Histocompatibility Testing
Bone marrow transplant
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All the biologically relevant HLA class II allelic variants can not be identified with conventional serological tissue typing techniques. During the past few years considerable advances have been made in HLA class II typing with molecular techniques now widely used in routine clinical tissue typing. The next few years are likely to see the development of tissue typing techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for use in acute transplantation. A new method for the rapid identification of genetic polymorphisms is described--allele-specific PCR amplification.
Tissue typing
Histocompatibility Testing
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is largely performed by use of PCR-based techniques in patients that require stem cell transplantation. In this chapter, HLA typing by sequencing-based typing techniques is described.
Tissue typing
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Tissue typing
Primer (cosmetics)
Multilocus sequence typing
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Rejection after spontaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK), especially the antibody-mediated rejection, is the main cause of allografts loss. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing plays a crucial role in defense against the injury to the allograft by immune system of recipients. HLA antigen typing, especially the HLA molecular typing, could help to choose a compatible allograft for transplantation; and it might have a role in preventing and circumventing rejection, predicting the risk of immunogenicity posttransplantation, as well as guiding posttransplant immunosuppression strategies; thus, improving the allograft function. This paper tries to discuss the reseach progress of the function of HLA typing in SPK and clinical application of HLA typing for organ selection in SPK.
Key words:
Human leukocyte antigen typing; Spontaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation; Donor specific antibody; Rejection
Tissue typing
Immunosuppression
Histocompatibility Testing
Pancreas transplantation
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