The Measurement of Productivity of Labour and the Compare of these Productivity of Labour
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productivity of labour is the rate of output to input.How to define output and input will make direct labour productivity,total labour productivity,value added productivity of labour.This article discuss how to measure total labour input and compare these productivity of labour.Keywords:
Value (mathematics)
Multifactor productivity
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Estimates of direct and total productivity as well as sectoral interdependence in Greek manufacturing are presented in this paper. Limited comparisons with EC countries are also included. Total productivity seems to be a better approach for understanding sectoral performance, as it takes into account the effect of intermediate product substitution for labour. Calculations show different patterns of growth for direct and total productivity and a better performance of the newly developed sectors in the early 1960s.
Substitution (logic)
Manufacturing
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Labour productivity is defined as output per unit of labour input. Economists acknowledge that technical progress as well as growth in capital inputs increases labour productivity. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that changes in labour input alone could also impact labour productivity. Since this effect disappears for the constant returns to scale short-run production frontier, we call it the returns to scale effect. We decompose the growth in labour productivity into two components: 1) the joint effect of technical progress and capital input growth, and 2) the returns to scale effect. We propose theoretical measures for these two components and show that they coincide with the index number formulae consisting of prices and quantities of inputs and outputs. We then apply the results of our decomposition to U.S. industry data for 1987–2007. It is acknowledged that labour productivity in the services industries grows much more slowly than in the goods industries. We conclude that the returns to scale effect can explain a large part of the gap in labour productivity growth between the two industry groups.
Returns to scale
Scale Effects
Production–possibility frontier
Multifactor productivity
Capital (architecture)
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When the inverse of the value added productivity of labour is regressed on total labour requirements (which is equivalent to labour values), a significant relationship is obtained. This indicates that the value added productivity of labour can be explained by total labour requirements (labour values). The mean value of the regression coefficients is about 1.7. The regression coefficients have a tendency to increase during the process of rapid economic development and to decrease afterwards. Such movements are explained by value added linkages. This study is based on input–output analysis, where total labour requirements per monetary unit of output and the value added productivity of labour are calculated for each of 24 industries in Japan, Korea and USA, every 5 years between 1960 to 1985.
Value (mathematics)
Value added
Gross output
Added value
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Returns to scale
Slowdown
Scale Effects
Capital (architecture)
Realization (probability)
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We investigate how the evidence for Italy from simple growth accounting exercises is modified by more accurate measurements of inputs. We describe the dynamics of total factor productivity in the last 20 years in Italy, and review theoretical and measurement issues that complicate the picture emerging from this simple exercise. We adjust the labour input for its composition and verify its impact on estimated multifactor productivity in the whole economy. We replicate the labour-quality adjustment for the industrial sector together with corrections for hours worked and capital utilisation. We find that a sizeable part of the observed growth of total factor productivity vanishes when these adjustments are applied. They are not sufficient, however, to overturn the evidence of a productivity slowdown in the Italian economy in the second half of the 1990s.
Multifactor productivity
Slowdown
Capital (architecture)
Replicate
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Slowdown
Partial productivity
Value (mathematics)
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Educational Attainment
Production function
Capital (architecture)
Substitution (logic)
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In recent years the productivity performance of the Australian economy has been extraordinary. For example, in terms of labour productivity in the market sector, over the period 1988/89 to 1997/98, labour productivity growth has increased at an average rate of 2.5 percent per year. This paper uses two large data sets to empirically test some of the theoretical determinants of labout productivity growth in the Australian context.
Multifactor productivity
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This paper explores the methodology of sectoral productivity growth measurement within the framework of input‐output analysis. A method which ensures that sectoral productivity growth rates are consistent with productivity growth rates for the economy as a whole (as well as allowing for external trade) is suggested. New estimates are presented on total factor productivity in UK agriculture using a Tornqvist index procedure. In addition, new estimates of agricultural labour productivity growth are presented, taking account not only of labour employed in agriculture but also of labour employed in ancillary industries on the supply side. The empirical results confirm that part of the labour previously employed on farms has shifted “upstream” to industries providing agriculture with fertilises, machinery and other inputs.
Multifactor productivity
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. In this article, as part of the symposium on total factor productivity, Timothy C. Sargent and Edgard R. Rodriquez of Finance Canada discuss the issue of the choice between labour and total factor productivity. They conclude that both measures have uses. For periods of less than a decade, labour productivity is the preferred measure, but for longer periods total factor productivity is superior. When capital stock estimates are of poor quality, it is better to use labour productivity.
Factor (programming language)
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Citations (54)