Two-Dimensional Fiber Optic Roughness Sensor
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From the optical fiber scattering light field distribution model a two_dimensional optical rough surface reflection_reception model was established,and a two_dimensional fiber optic sensor was designed with the partial space optical scattering of the rough surface tauen into consideration by introducing the gradation spaceconcept used by Huffman for image analysis,during the experiments,vertical milling standard samples from 3 to 7 were used as checked objects for two_dimensional roughness,and data was obtained from the measured curve peaks of the checked surface ,to establish the relationship between average disaffection value of roughness and standard deviation.Keywords:
Optical time-domain reflectometer
Reflection
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Results from an optical technique for in-process measurement of surface roughness using laser scattered images are presented. Based on light scattering principle, an experimental system that consists of a collimated laser diode, a screen and a CCD sensor is designed to measure surface roughness. The parameters such as a modified scattering feature, bright points ratio and bright grey ratio are obtained from the scattered images. A machine learning technique called support vector regression (SVR) is developed to determine surface roughness. The three features are chosen as input parameters, and surface roughness is selected as output of the SVR model. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for the optical measurement of surface roughness with a satisfactory accuracy. The proposed system combined with a transparent window method can be applied to in-process measurement of the surface quality of a machined component.
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The paper deals with the development of a fiber optic sensor for surface roughness measurement. A new method for the calculation of reflection light intensity is proposed. By numerically counting the amount of reflection light rays from a measured surface, the relationship between the reflection light intensity and the surface roughness can be found. The simulation method is useful in understanding the effects of the sensor probe structure and the component parameters on the performance of the sensor such that an optimum sensor design can be obtained. A fiber optic sensor probe for surface roughness measurement was designed and fabricated using the results obtained by simulation. Experimental results show that the prototype sensor probe has high resolution and sensitivity for ground and milled surfaces with the roughness value (Ra) of 0.1μm∼3.2μm. The experimental results also show that the simulation method is accurate, and hence useful in designing fiber optic sensors. The simulation procedure and feasibility of the simulation method as well as the experimental results obtained from the prototype sensor probe are presented in this paper.
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Light intensity
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Abstract This paper deals with selected contact type stylus method and non-contact type machine vision method using laser speckle for components prepared by grinding of AISI 1040 steel with a variety of wheels and varied depth of cut. In this interactive study, Optical method based on statistical properties of binary images is proposed for machined surfaces. Grounded metal surfaces are used to develop a binary digitized speckle pattern by a beam of He-Ne laser light source. High end camera is used to capture the image of a speckle pattern. White to black pixels ratios is computed from the binary images using image processing toolbox in Matlab. The correlation is developed between white to black pixels ratio and measured two-dimensional surface roughness parameter. Two-dimensional surface roughness parameters are recorded using a contact-type surface profilometer. The results which opted, clearly supports that these parameters have a relationship with a degree of surface roughness. A linear relationship is observed between parameter obtained from proposed technique and measured value of surface roughness using surface profilometer. The statistical analysis represents the performance of maximum relative error in prediction of surface roughness is 9%.
Stylus
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A novel method is proposed for the measurement of smooth surface roughness.Two standard reference surfaces and two polaroids are employed to realize the measurement of the surface roughness.The reversibility of the optical path is overcome by using two quarter-wave plates.The optical path diagram of measurement systern is shown.The mathematical expression of the working principle is derived.The uncertainty of the method is theoretically calculated and digitally simulated.Finally,the feasibility of this method is verified by measuring a standard roughness sample.The measurement result is in accordance with the standard value of the sample roughness provided by the manufacturer and a 0.2 nm measurement precision is realized.
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An optical surface roughness and waviness sensor for sufficiently smooth surfaces is introduced. The sensor is based on a computer-generated hologram , which focuses the specular reflectance to desired spots on the focal plane. Computer simulations were made to analyze the system and to compute the calibration curve. Contrast analysis was performed to estimate the average roughness of Gaussian surfaces. Results are compared with data measured form surface roughness standards.
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This paper present a kind of on-line measurement of the surface roughness based on Beckmann's theory about the scattering of light.We use a laser diode to form a telecentric beam path system,and record scattering light field of the rough surface by linear array CCD.We get optical scattering characteristic value Sn by computer analysis,and there is a better corresponding relationship between surface roughness Ra and Sn in a larger measming range.This measurement method of simple structure,high precision,fast speed,which can realize non-contact and on-line measurement to different processing methods,and has a good development prospect on line measurement of the workpiece.
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We developed an on-line measurement system for the simultaneous measurement of the root-mean-square roughness and autocorrelation length which are the parameters of surface roughness. The measurement is based on the scattering theory of light on the rough surface. Computer simulation shows that the measurement range depends on the wavelength of the light source, and this is verified with the experiment. We installed the measurement system at the finishing line of a cold-rolling steel work, and measured the two parameters in situ. The rms roughness and autocorrelation length are measured and transformed in the average surface roughness and then umber of peaks per inch, respectively. The measured data for both of the parameters are compared with those of stylus method, an the optical method is well coincided with the conventional stylus method.
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Root mean square
Length measurement
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For the reasons of harsh environment in polishing procedures, an optical, non-contact measurement of surface roughness is better suited to in-process measurement than contact sensors such as a stylus meter. The authors have proposed a new optical method for measuring surface roughness by use of a halogen light source and a CCD camera. Based on the Torrance-Sparrow model, the proposed procedure theoretically converts the data of the reflected light into surface roughness represented in Rq (roughness in root mean square).In this paper, we attempt to apply the proposed method to estimate a ground direction. From the results of the computer simulation and the experiments, the ground direction can be estimated within the error of 10 degrees. Further, the root-mean-square roughness can be evaluated within the error of 5% to the true value.
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Root mean square
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Stylus
Gaussian beam
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Integrating sphere
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