Studies on Yield and Characteristics of Plant Population Quality of Direct-seeded Rice Cultivars of Different Panicle Types
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10 typical mid-maturity mid-season Japonica rice cultivars newly bred in Jiangsu Province in recent years were used as materials,and were classified by the panicle weight into three types of big panicle type cultivars,middle panicle type cultivars and small panicle type cultivars.All the cultivars for test were field grown under the direct seeding conditions.The characteristics of grain yield and its components and characteristics of plant population quality were investigated.The results showed that the middle panicle type cultivars had higher grain yield than other panicle type cultivars.High grain yield of middle panicle type cultivars was mainly due to the increase in total number of spikelets,and increase in spikelets resulted mainly from large panicles based on a suitable number of panicles,and also the high grain yield of middle panicle type was due to the higher leaf area index and biomass accumulation and higher output and higher appearing transformation and appearing convertion of dry matter of the stem and sheath as well as the higher rate of effect ears.Approaches to choosing suitable direct seeding cultivars and getting high yield are discussed based on the characteristics of grain yield and its components and characteristics of the plant population quality.Keywords:
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In order to explore the high yield breeding factors of rice,10 Japonicarice varieties such as Mudanjing 31,Mudanjing 30were taken as materials to study the yield difference of different types of Japonicarice varieties,yield component factors and characteristics of dry matter production under field conditions.The results showed that in the tested rice varieties,high yield variety of Mudanjiang 30owned the longest panicle length and the most number of second branches,its more spikelets per panicle,1 000-grain weight obtained higher yield even though owned less panicles per cavity and general seed setting rate.It indicated that panicle length,number of second branches,paniclelets and 1 000-grain weight were mainly factors to decide high yield of Mudanjiang 30.
Panicle
Japonica rice
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The differences in panicle weight components, including number of spikelets, seed setting percentage and 1000-grain weight at different part along the panicle, among rice varieties with different ear-type and root traits were studied in pot experiment. The factors influencing panicle weight were analysed. Results were as follows: ①The ratios of primary spikelets to spikelets of whole panicle (Rp) in three locations along the panicle (i.e. upper, middle, lower) in large-ear type variety were lower than those in small-ear type variety, especially in the middle part, while the ratios of the secondary spikelets to whole panicle spikelets (Rs) at middle and lower parts in large-ear type variety were higher than those in small-ear type variety. ②The Rp was lower and Rs was higher in Indica rice, but the reverse trend appeared in Japonica rice. ③The differences of grain setting percentage and 1000-grain weight in primary and secondary spikelets were larger in Japonica varieties than those in Indica varieties.④Panicle weight could be enhanced by increasing the number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, among which the number of spikelets per panicle, especially in the secondary branches, was more effective.⑤Developed root traits were the important characteristics in weight-ear type rice varieties.
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Japonica rice
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AbstrcatUsing the main varieties and region test ones altogether 33 rice varieties of LiaoNing province, the relationships between panicle traits and yield components were analyzed.The results showed that grain yield was closely correlated with panicle numbers,grains/panicle and spike setting density affect grain yield significantly, because panicle numbers and grains/panicle contributed to yield improvement while spike setting density have a negative effect on it.
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Effect of nitrogen level on yield of rice grain and yield components were studied using 4 rice varieties with different panicle types. The results showed that plant types, especially panicle types were surely related to the need for nitrogen. In this experiment, dry matter production of all varieties showed the curve of smodel. Before heading stage, there was no significant difference in dry matter production of two different panicle type varieties. In the milk stage, dry matter production of varieties with erect panicle was obvious higher than that of varieties with curve panicle. Rice varieties with erect panicle enhanced economic yield effectively by improving dry matter transport to grains in late period of the season, on the premise of keeping a higher CGR.
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Rice yield is composed of panicles, grains and grain weight. The experiment results showed: The grains per panicle of big panicle variety had positive correlation(R=0.7220* ); Panicles/M2 had positive correlation with yield (R=0.0236). The panicles and grains per hill of multi-panicle variety had positive correlations with yield (R=0.6913* and 0.7321* ),respectively. In the condition of climate in Jilin Province, the tillering ability of multi-panicle type correlated closely with yield, and these kinds of varieties adapted to good invironments and could have high yields. The varieties with long panicles adapted to middle level environments, and could have stable yields. So it is very important to use suitable cultivation method according to different variety types.
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Positive correlation
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Using erect panicle type rice variety Liaojing 5,curved panicle type Toyonishiki and 4 RILs of Liaojing 5/Toyonishiki as materials,quality traits and its relationship with panicle type were studied within a rice panicle in field experiment.The results indicated that there were significant differences in brown rice percentage,milled rice percentage and head rice percentage between different panicle varieties in different grain parts,the lower milled rice percentage of the basal secondary grains resulted in the worse milling quality of erect panicle type cultivars than curved panicle types.The grain length and ratio of length to width of curved panicle type cultivars were higher than that of erect panicle types while there were little difference in other look quality.There was not obvious difference in the cooking and taste quality between different panicle type varieties,the protein content of grains wasn′t significant difference within a rice panicle,the amylase content of primary branches grains was lower than that of secondary branches grains.The taste score of middle primary branches grain was better than the upper and basal,but the secondary branches was the upperthe middlethe basal.
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Brown rice
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To investigate the difference and its cause of yield formation in conventional indica rice(Oryza sativa L) cultivars with different panicle weight(PW),a total of 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002,respectively.Based on PW,these cultivars were classified into 6 types in the alignment from low to high.Growth duration,plant height,dry matter weight(including root),yield and its components,panicle traits,nitrogen content of each plant part and root traits were investigated.Results were as follows: ① For rice cultivars with large PW,growth duration was longer and plant height was higher than those of other rice types.② Rice cultivars with large PW showed the lower maximum tiller number,the percentage of productive tillers and panicles number per unit area, and higher spikelets per ear and 1000-grain-weight than other rice types.③ Rice cultivars with large PW also showed the longer panicle length,higher spikelet density and higher number of primary and secondary branches on the panicles than other rice types,which indicated that on the base of properly increasing of panicle length,the single panicle weight could be elevated through increasing the percentage of secondary branches and improving grain density per panicle.④ Panicle weight showed a quadratic parabola relation with population grain yield and a significant positive linear relationship with grain yield per panicle,which showed that to reach high and stable yield target,those cultivars with moderately larger panicle,higher spikelets per ear and 1000-grain-weight should be considered in the selection and breeding of conventionalindicarice.⑤ The longer growth duration,higher plant height and larger panicle weight were the base forhigh grain yield and the developed root system,more accumulation of nitrogen,larger leaf area index and greater photo-synthetic capacity were the main causes of high grain yield in rice cultivars with large PW.
Panicle
Tiller (botany)
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The dry material productive ability and morphological difference of different panicle type was studied .The result showed that:1 There was difference of dry material productivity of aerial part and root among the different panicle type varieties .Generally ,the dry material productive ability of heavy panicle type is higher than that of multi_panicle type .It has positive correlation between accumulation of dry material of aerial part and that of root.2 The chlorophyll content of erect panicle type is higher than that of non_erect,the content of chlorophyll in the flag leaf of heavy panicle type is higher than that of multi_panicle type .3 Super yield breeding should emphasize on increasing biological yield and economic rate .
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Abstract BACKGROUND: In the last two decades, newly released rice cultivars in southeastern China have been mainly characterised by more grains per cm panicle (GPCP), i.e. a compact panicle. These compact panicle cultivars show high yield potential but inferior quality. Accordingly, experiments were conducted to study the effect of GPCP on grain weight and quality. RESULTS: Two compact panicle and two loose panicle cultivars of japonica rice were used to investigate the effect of GPCP on the variation in grain weight and quality within a panicle. Significant differences in grain quality, including brown rice length, width and length/width ratio, brown rice and head‐milled rice percentages, chalky grain percentage and amylose and protein contents, were found among grains within a panicle. In general, the compact panicle cultivars showed lower grain weight and larger variation in brown rice length, width and length/width ratio, chalky grain percentage and amylose content among grains within a panicle than the loose panicle cultivars. CONCLUSION: GPCP is negatively associated with quality uniformity, and increasing the grain number on top secondary rachises may reduce the variation in grain weight and quality within a panicle. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Panicle
Japonica rice
Brown rice
Grain Quality
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The yield structure and panicle characters were studied with 13 new rice varieties cultivated in Liaoning Province. Results showed that the significant difference existed in grain number per panicle, panicle number per plant, kernel set, panicle length, grain density between high yield and low yield varieties, but plant height and 1000-grain weight showed no significant difference. The key method to get high yield is to decrease panicle number per plant and increase grain number per panicle. In rice breeding practices, it should not been only paid attention to the selection of grain number per panicle and grain number on the primary rachis-branches, but also grain number on the secondary rachis-branches and grains density on the panicle. In cultural practices, the grain number per panicle should be controlled, and the grain number on the primary rachis-branches and the grains density on the panicle should be increased, and the grain number on the secondary rachis-branches and grain number per panicle should be paid attention.
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