[An experimental study on biomechanical effects due to unilateral cortical bone defect in long tubular bone].
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To investigate the biomechanics effect due to unilateral cortical bone defect of different size in long tubular bone.Seventy-six pieces of Sanhuang cock tibial were randomly divided into 7 groups. The unilateral diaphyses cortical were drilled holes of different size, include 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 mm, performed three-points bend single experiment. The intact bone cortical group was control group.When there were bone structure destructions, the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and control was not significant difference (P = 0.824, 0.865), but the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm decreasing about 14 percent of the control group (P = 0.015, 0.010, 0.021). and the maximum of the bend load which bone defect diameter were 4.5 mm decrease about 23 percent of the control group (P = 0.001).If the diameter of bone cortical defect is within 22.63 +/- 1.39 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, there was no reduction of the bend load. If the diameter of bone cortical defect is beyond 29.36 +/- 2.07 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, it decreases the maximum bend load of the long tubular bone, but the reduced range is not complete with direct ratio to the bone defect size.Keywords:
Biomechanics
Long bone
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To investigate the biomechanics effect due to unilateral cortical bone defect of different size in long tubular bone.Seventy-six pieces of Sanhuang cock tibial were randomly divided into 7 groups. The unilateral diaphyses cortical were drilled holes of different size, include 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 mm, performed three-points bend single experiment. The intact bone cortical group was control group.When there were bone structure destructions, the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and control was not significant difference (P = 0.824, 0.865), but the maximum of the bend load between 3 groups which bone defect diameter were 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm decreasing about 14 percent of the control group (P = 0.015, 0.010, 0.021). and the maximum of the bend load which bone defect diameter were 4.5 mm decrease about 23 percent of the control group (P = 0.001).If the diameter of bone cortical defect is within 22.63 +/- 1.39 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, there was no reduction of the bend load. If the diameter of bone cortical defect is beyond 29.36 +/- 2.07 percent of bone cortical outer diameter, it decreases the maximum bend load of the long tubular bone, but the reduced range is not complete with direct ratio to the bone defect size.
Biomechanics
Long bone
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Osteocyte
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Allometry
Bone remodeling
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Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: cortical bonemicro tomographydynamic loading AcknowledgementsThe present research work is also supported by the International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation (CISIT), the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Region, the Regional Delegation for Research and Technology, the Department of Higher Education and Research, and the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of these institutions.
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Strain-induced adaption of bone has been well-studied in an axial loading model of the mouse tibia. However, most outcomes of these studies are restricted to changes in bone architecture and do not explore the mechanical implications of those changes. Herein, we studied both the mechanical and morphological adaptions of bone to three strain levels using a targeted tibial loading mouse model. We hypothesized that loading would increase bone architecture and improve cortical mechanical properties in a dose-dependent fashion. The right tibiae of female C57BL/6 mice (8 week old) were compressively loaded for 2 weeks to a maximum compressive force of 8.8N, 10.6N, or 12.4N (generating periosteal strains on the anteromedial region of the mid-diaphysis of 1700 με, 2050 με, or 2400 με as determined by a strain calibration), while the left limb served as an non-loaded control. Following loading, ex vivo analyses of bone architecture and cortical mechanical integrity were assessed by micro-computed tomography and 4-point bending. Results indicated that loading improved bone architecture in a dose-dependent manner and improved mechanical outcomes at 2050 με. Loading to 2050 με resulted in a strong and compelling formation response in both cortical and cancellous regions. In addition, both structural and tissue level strength and energy dissipation were positively impacted in the diaphysis. Loading to the highest strain level also resulted in rapid and robust formation of bone in both cortical and cancellous regions. However, these improvements came at the cost of a woven bone response in half of the animals. Loading to the lowest strain level had little effect on bone architecture and failed to impact structural- or tissue-level mechanical properties. Potential systemic effects were identified for trabecular bone volume fraction, and in the pre-yield region of the force-displacement and stress-strain curves. Future studies will focus on a moderate load level which was largely beneficial in terms of cortical/cancellous structure and cortical mechanical function.
Cancellous bone
Diaphysis
Strain (injury)
Mechanical load
Biomechanics
X-ray microtomography
Long bone
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Embalming
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Periosteum
Epiphysis
Hyperostosis
Diaphysis
Long bone
Frontal bone
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Objective: To Study the cryopreservation and room temperature preservation's effect to the biomechanics characteristics of the cortical bone.Methods: Preserve the thighbone's cortical bone with the cryopreservation and the room temperature preservation,while make samples,and then turn them to be bended and compressed samples.Test the two groups' ultimate flexure strength、modulus of elasticity、ultimate crushing strength in the Auto Tensile Tester(Instron-1195),then inspect the data with t test between the two groups.Results: The discrepancy of ultimate flexure strength、modulus of elasticity、ultimate crushing strength between the two groups was not very apparent(P0.05).Conclusion: The cryopreservation and the room temperature preservation will not influnce the biomechanics characteristics of the cortical bone,so,when the bones can't be cryopreserved,if there is suitable source of bone,they can be preserved in the room with normal temperature to prevent them from being wasted.
Biomechanics
Elasticity
Universal testing machine
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The incidence of acetabular fractures due to low-energy falls is increasing among the geriatric population. Studies have shown that several biomechanical factors such as body configuration, impact velocity, and trochanteric soft-tissue thickness contribute to the severity and type of acetabular fracture. The effect of reduction in apparent density and elastic modulus of bone as well as other bone mechanical properties due to osteoporosis on low-energy acetabular fractures has not been investigated.The current comprehensive finite element study aimed to study the effect of reduction in bone mechanical properties (trabecular, cortical, and trabecular + cortical) on the risk and type of acetabular fracture. Also, the effect of reduction in the mechanical properties of bone on the load-transferring mechanism within the pelvic girdle was examined.We observed that while the reduction in the mechanical properties of trabecular bone considerably affects the severity and area of trabecular bone failure, reduction in mechanical properties of cortical bone moderately influences both cortical and trabecular bone failure. The results also indicated that by reducing bone mechanical properties, the type of acetabular fracture turns from elementary to associated, which requires a more extensive intervention and rehabilitation period. Finally, we observed that the cortical bone plays a substantial role in load transfer, and by increasing reduction in the mechanical properties of cortical bone, a greater share of load is transmitted toward the pubic symphysis.This study increases our understanding of the effect of osteoporosis progression on the incidence of low-energy acetabular fractures. The osteoporosis-related reduction in the mechanical properties of cortical bone appears to affect both the cortical and trabecular bones. Also, during the extreme reduction in the mechanical properties of bone, the acetabular fracture type will be more complicated. Finally, during the final stages of osteoporosis (high reduction in mechanical properties of bone) a smaller share of impact load is transferred by impact-side hemipelvis to the sacrum, therefore, an osteoporotic pelvis might mitigate the risk of sacral fracture.
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