Clinical and Biochemical Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome among Roma and Non-Roma Subjects in the Eastern Part of Slovakia
Ján FedačkoDaniel PellaPeter JarčuškaLeonard SiegfriedMartin JaníčkoEduard VeselínyFrantišek SabolPavol JarčuškaMária MarekováAndrea Madarasová GeckováPeter PažinkaMonika JankajováJán KmecMarián BabčákPeter KalaninSylvia Dražilová
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Abstract:
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among populations of lower socioeconomic status is a cause of concern and calls for an effective public health response. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Roma population compared with the non-Roma population in the eastern part of Slovakia and to determine the parameter which has the strongest association with metabolic syndrome. Results: 123 Roma and 79 non-Roma patients with metabolic syndrome were evaluated. In the subgroup of Roma men, we found that waist circumference conferred the highest chance of MS (more than 12-times), followed by triglycerides (TG) (3.670-times). In the subgroup of non-Roma men, we found that waist circumference conferred the highest chance of MS (more than 16-times), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (4.348-times increased risk per one unit decrease in HDL). In the subgroup of Roma women as well as non-Roma women, we found that serum TG conferred the highest chance of MS, followed by waist circumference for Roma women. Comparing non-classical risk factors for MS we found that only age (with OR 1.977) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (OR 1.887) were significant and independent predictors of MS in Roma men. Among Roma women apolipoprotein B100 was also found to be an independent predictor of MS, besides age and hsCRP. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist, besides other risk factors, a marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad among younger Roma population, which may be the reason for the increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in elderly Roma compared with non-Roma. In light of these results, better prevention of CV events for Roma minority settlements in Slovakia should be provided.Keywords:
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Abdominal obesity
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Two studies, in 1995 and 2000–02, were compared to assess changes in waist circumference in adolescents. Between the two time periods, waist circumference increased significantly in males at 13 years and in females at 14 years. Significant changes in waist circumference were observed during the study period; the rates of change were 0.53 and 0.86 cm/y in boys and 0.67 and 0.87 cm/y in girls. Future morbidity in adolescents may be affected due to accumulation of excess central fat.
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Objective To analyze the appropriate cut-off point of waist circumference for identifying metabolic syndrome(MS) in Chinese Uygur adults. Methods Based on the IDF consensus worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome(2005),2526 Uygur adults aged 25-90 years from Urumqi city and Kashgar region were enrolled to analyze the ORs of the clustering of MS components at different sizes of waist circumference. The sensitivity, specificity and distance in ROC curve by different cut-off points of waist circumference for identifying two components of MS were estimated to find the cut-off points for men and women in Uygur with the shortest distance of ROC curve. Results The ORs of the clustering of MS components were increased significantly with the sizes of waist circumference. The waist circumference (≥93 cm for men, ≥89 cm for women) corresponded to the shortest distance of ROC curve, namely, at these cut-off points, the rates of false positive and false negative for identifying MS were minimum. The prevalence of MS was 26.0% and 27.7% in men and women respectively. Conclusions The waist circumferences≥93 cm for men,and≥89 cm for women are the appropriate cut-off points for identifying MS in Uygur. This recommendation needs further confirmation in a larger sample group of Uygurs.
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Objective: Waist circumference reference values can be vary among societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the waist circumference values of Turkish adults people for 19-75 year.
Material and Method: A total of 25.866 (11484 females and 14382 males) adult participants were recruited, grouped into categories of waist circumference in accordance with the World Health Organizasion cutoffs. Waist circumference was measured with a tape measure according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
Results: It was found that waist circumference values varied at certain age ranges. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between the age variable and waist circumference values for male (r=.441) and female (r=.444) adults. It was determined that 87.91% of the male adults participating were to have normal values and 12.08% of them were to have higher risks of obesity related to the diseases, and 65.86% of female participants were to have normal values and 34.14% of them were to have had higher risk of obesity related diseases.
Conclusions: The use waist circumference for the prediction of risk factor clustering among adults has significant clinical utility. These analyses should be continued in future studies in order to examine both health and reference values between societies.
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Different anatomical locations for measuring waist circumference are described in the literature but the best anatomical location for measuring waist circumference in older adults has yet to be established. Thus, an exploratory study was developed to examine which waist circumference best explains abdominal fat mass in older adults.Waist circumference was measured in the ten different anatomical locations from a sample of 51 older adults. The choice of which waist circumference measurement best associated with abdominal fat mass was evaluated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of abdominal fat.Mean waist circumference values varied from 81.9 (standard deviation (SD): 8.7) cm and 91.5 (SD: 11.2) cm for women and between 95.7 (SD: 8.2) cm and 101.5 (SD: 10.4) cm for men, according to the different anatomical locations. The coefficients of determination of the linear regression model varied from 0.545 to 0.698 (p < 0.001) and the standardised coefficients varied from 0.738 and 0.836 (p < 0.001). The anatomical landmark situated 2.5 cm above the umbilicus was the waist circumference measurement that associated best with abdominal fat mass measured by DXA.This exploratory study contributes to the recognition that the anatomical location where the waist circumference measurement is taken gives considerably different results. The waist circumference measurement 2.5 cm above the umbilicus was the best surrogate measure of abdominal fat in this older adult's sample.
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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that can increase the risks of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Although waist circumference is a useful tool in primary care units it doesn't exist a Cuban cut-off point of waist circumference to diagnose the metabolic syndrome. Objective:To establish a cut-off point level of waist circumference for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome by making a study at Camilo Cienfuegos community in Havana city. Methods:It was made a cross sectional study in 116 adults at Camilo Cienfuegos community in 2009. Waist circumference was measured taking into consideration the Adult treatment panel criteria (ATP III).ROC curve was obtained by using SPSS system plotting the values of waist circumference related to metabolic syndrome. Results:They were established 89,5 cm and 93 cm as cut-off points of waist circumference to diagnose metabolic syndrome in women and men respectively. Conclusions:The established cut-off point level of waist circumference in women to diagnose the metabolic syndrome is similar to the one proposed by the ATP III criteria.
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Objective To investigate the appropriate cut-off point of waist circumference as a component of metabolic syndrome(MS) for residents over 30 years of age in Shanghai rural communities. Methods A cross sectional survey with random sampling was performed including 1 041 residents over 30 years of age in Fengcheng community. It was used to investigate the correlation between waist circumstance and clustering of other MS components, and to find out the appropriate cut-off point of waist circumference with low false positive and low false negative rates for identifying two or more risk components of MS. Results The odds ratio (OR) of clustering of risk components increased significantly with the increase in size of waist circumference. Waist circumference ≥85.0 cm for men and ≥80.0 cm for women corresponded to the shortest distance in receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The prevalence of MS was 15.32% in men with waist circumference ≥85.0 cm and 12.35% in women with waist circumference ≥80.0 cm respectively. In these patients, the combination of increased waist circumference,high blood pressure and high blood glucose was the most frequent. Conclusions MS could be defined if a person in Shanghai rural community had three or more of the following five components: waist circumference ≥85.0 cm in men or ≥80.0 cm in women; systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) or diastolic blood pressure ≥85.0 mm Hg; blood triglyeride≥1.70 mmol/L; high density lipoprotein cholesterol1.03 mmol/L in men or 1.29 mmol/L in women; fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L.
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The optimum cut-off points of waist circumference for identifying metabolic syndrome in Kazak adults
The optimum cut-off point of waist circumference for identifying metabolic syndrome(MS)in Kazak was investigated.Based on Internationul Diabetes Eederation.2052 Kazak adults were analysed.At the cut-off point of waist circumference(≥199 cm for men,≥88 cm for women),the rates of false positive and negative for identifying MS were reduced to a minimum.The two cut-off points were possibly appropriate for identifying MS in Kazak.
Key words:
Kazak; Metabolic syndrome; Waist circumference
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We re-evaluated the criteria for waist circumference to predict the accumulation of the components of metabolic syndrome. We used data for 3,185 Japanese, aged 20-79 years. Metabolic syndrome has recently been redefined by a new criterion in Japan, in which waist circumference cutoff points, i.e. 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women, are employed. Among the 3,185 Japanese considered in the present study, 335 men (26.8%) and 69 women (3.6%) were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome. A cutoff point as a predictor for 2 or more components of metabolic syndrome was evaluated by sensitivity/specificity and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal point was estimated as being approximately 85 cm of waist circumference in men and 75 cm in women. We therefore recommend a cutoff value, 75 cm of waist circumference, for the criterion of metabolic syndrome in women.
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