Dynamics response of aboveground biomass of natural grassland vegetation to grazing——A case study in mountain meadow area of Xiahe County,Gansu
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The stimulated grazing method was used to study the vegetation variation,intake variation and plant response of mountain meadow in Xiahe County,Gansu Province.The result indicated that the vegetation biomass showed a single-peak curve with or without grazing stress.The total average intake showed an inverse exponential model.The stimulated values were significantly correlated with the real values.Cite
Study on the biomass of rangelands located on different vertical band spectrums in Zhaosu Horse Farm
The aboveground and underground biomass of different grassland types in Zhaosu Horse Farm was determined.The results indicated that the underground biomass was mostly distributed within 0 to 10 cm of soil layer and showed a T-shape distribution pattern.The underground biomass varied among different grassland types.The underground biomass varied greatly among different grassland types,while the aboveground biomass showed a little variation.The order of total biomass of different grassland types was sub-alpine meadow meadow on alluvial plain meadow in mid-mountain meadow in hill steppe in hill meadow steppe in hill steppe in river flat.
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Plough
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Soil carbon and carbon management indices were studied under three different grazing strengths which were set by different distances between grazing-path and the sample points of four kinds of plantations,including artificial robinia,artificial poplar,grassland and berberis aggregate shrub in mountain forest-the arid valley of ecotone in Li County in the upper Minjiang River.The amount of TOC and LOC reduced with the increase of grazing strength in artificial robinia and poplar,but they reduced first and then increased in grassland and berberis aggregate shrub,which depended on the accessibility of livestock and the availability of vegetation under each plantations.With the grazing strength,CPMI decreased and then increased in surface soil,but decreased in 10–20 cm,which decreased by 6.2%–70.41%.
Ecotone
Robinia
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The impacts of different land use patterns on the aboveground and underground biomass of alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains were studied.The five land use patterns,including natural grassland,returned farmland to naturally restorated grassland,slope farmland,abandoned cropland and sowed perennial grassland,were designed.The results showed there were significant differences in aboveground and underground biomass among 5 land use patterns.The order of aboveground biomass was slope farmlandsowed perennial grasslandnatural grasslandreturned farmland to naturally restorated grasslandabandoned cropland;The order of underground biomass was natural grasslandsowed perennial grasslandslope farmlandreturned farmland to naturally restorated grasslandabandoned cropland;Underground biomass moss mainly distributed within 0 to 10 cm soil layer.The relationship between aboveground biomass and vegetation coverage could be discribed as a quadratic function.The relationship between underground biomass and vegetation coverage could be discribed as a logarithmic function.The relationship between underground biomass and species number could be discribed as a quadratic function.The aboveground biomass was significantly(P0.05)correlated with vegetation coverage.The underground biomass was significantly(P0.05)respectively correlated with species and vegetation coverage.
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The vegetation characteristics of typical grassland in Ningxia under different grazing system was studied by investigating vegetation production,vegetation coverage,vegetation high,species abundance and density.The results showed that productivity of grassland with the rotational gazing increased 73.85% than those with continuous grazing.A relative optimized rotation grazing system of typical grassland was put forward.
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The plant coenology survey has done in northeast-southwest grassland transect in Inner Mongolia by using method of transect-sample area-quadrat.Then based on the results of both indoor and outdoor investments and measures,the gradient changes of aboveground biomass were analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) the background biomass along the northeast-southwest transects in Inner Mongolia ranges from 50-80 g·m-2;the value of grassland's aboveground biomass reduced with the change of vegetation type.It shifts from meadow steppe to typical steppe and desert steppe.(2) the total aboveground biomass of grassland has no strict corresponding relation with the land use intensity because of the impacts of human activities such as farming,field's abandoned and returning reclaimed land and forests and so on.But the biomass value of essbar perennation plant is declining with the intensity of land use.(3) using aboveground biomass to evaluate the quality and health of the ecosystem was partly limited.The percentage of biomass value in different land use intensity quadrat and background quadrat could hit the aim of rejecting the impacts of natural geographical area,regional climate background,and could analysis the influence of economic performance and economic structure development on the grassland ecosystem.
Quadrat
Steppe
Belt transect
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The research selected the alpine meadow located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the changes of vegetation community and soil properties under different grazing intensities, as well as the quantitative relation between the distribution patterns of plant species and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results showed that the grazing caused the differentiation of the initial vegetation community with the dominant plants, Elymus nutans and Stipa grandis. In the plots with high and low grazing intensities, the dominant plants had changed to Kobresia humilis and Melissitus ruthenica, and E. nutans and Poa crymophila, respectively. With the increase of grazing intensity, the plant richness, importance value and biomass were significantly decreased. The sequence of plant species importance value in each plot against grazing intensity could be fitted by a logarithmic model. The number of required plant species was reduced while the importance value of the remaining plant species accounted for 50% of the importance value in the whole vegetation community. The available P, available K, soil compaction, soil water content, stable infiltration rate and large aggregate index were significantly changed with grazing intensity, however, the changes were different. The CCA ordination showed that the soil compaction was the key factor affecting the distribution pattern of the plant species under grazing. The variance decomposition indicated that the soil factors together explained 30.5% of the distribution of the plant species, in particular the soil physical properties alone explained 22.8% of the distribution of the plant species, which had the highest rate of contribution to the plant species distribution. The soil physical properties affected the distribution pattern of plant species on grazed alpine meadow.以青藏高原东北缘高寒草甸为对象,研究不同放牧强度下植物群落和土壤因子的变化,以及群落物种分布与土壤物理结构和化学养分因子的定量关系.结果表明: 放牧导致优势种为垂穗披碱草和大针茅的原植物群落发生分异,高强度放牧样地优势种变为矮生嵩草和阴山扁蓿豆,低强度放牧样地变为垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾.随放牧强度增加,物种丰富度、重要值和生物量均显著降低.各放牧强度样地重要值的物种序列均可用对数模型进行拟合;随放牧强度增加,植物重要值累积到占整个群落重要值50%时,需要的物种数降低.土壤速效P、速效K、紧实度、含水量、稳定入渗速率和大团聚体指标随放牧强度显著变化,但变化规律不一致.CCA排序表明,土壤紧实度是放牧作用下影响群落物种分布格局的最关键因子.方差分解表明,土壤因子共解释群落物种分布变异的30.5%,其中土壤物理性状单独解释群落物种分布的22.8%,对群落物种分布的贡献率最高,主要影响放牧干扰下高寒草甸植物群落物种的分布格局.
Plant cover
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Grazing exclusion is an effective management strategy for restoring degraded grasslands worldwide, but the effects of different exclusion durations on vegetation structure and soil properties remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated vegetation characteristics and soil properties in an alpine meadow-steppe under grazing exclusion of different lengths (with grazing and with 3-year, 6-year, 9-year and 11-year grazing exclusions) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We also explored the relationships among above-ground biomass, biodiversity and soil properties to ascertain the mechanism underlying the impact of grazing exclusion on these factors. The results showed that the above- and below-ground biomass, total number of plant species, community density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, richness index, soil and vegetation carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and ecosystem C and N storage exhibited a hump-shaped pattern in response to the length of grazing exclusion with a 6-year threshold. In addition, structural equation modelling showed that the bulk density, soil moisture content, micro sand content and clay and silt contents were the most important determining factors leading to an increase in above-ground biomass in the alpine meadow-steppe after grazing exclusion, whereas the soil total N, available N, available phosphate and soil organic C content were the most important determining factors leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Considering the stability of the plant community and the C and N pools, long-term grazing exclusion (>9 years) is unnecessary, and the optimum exclosure duration of the moderately degraded Elymus nutans - Kobresia humilis type alpine meadow-steppe is six years on the north-eastern QTP.
Steppe
Exclosure
Diversity index
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The survey on the grassland condition and 6 typical forages in Nagqu County was conducted during the growing season from May to August in 2007 by measuring the vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass,moisture contents in grasses and soil,rodent damage degree.The results showed that Kobresia tibetica was the best in terms of growth and yield.The soil moisture,proportion of poisonous grasses,rodent damage degree,grassland degradation degree and soil fertility were significantly different among sampling sites.The biomass was positively related to the precipitation,air temperature and soil temperature.The quality of K.pygmaea was better than K.tibetica and Androsace umbellata was the most poorest in terms of the contents of crude protein and crude fat.
Growing season
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Based on three types of degraded grassland:alpine meadow,alpine steppe and temperate desertsteppe in Qinghai-Tibet plateau,we analyzed the effect of fencing and grazing on different types of degraded grassland communities.The research results indicate that:(1)The abovegound biomass of three types of grassland increased by 48.1%,10.8%and 34.5%,respectively after five years of fencing.The responsing of underground biomass of three types of grassland were consistent with the aboveground biomass.(2)The propotion of upper-layer(0-10cm)root biomass of alpine steppe and the root-shoot ratio of alpine meadow indicating a‘clear decling trend'while compared with the grazing land.(3)The gramineous plants,which occurred in a higher propotion in the total biomass in feacing grassland than it of grazing on alpine steppe and alpine meadow.Nevertheless,the proportion of troublesome weed in alpine steppe declined significantly and had no significant effects in temperate desert-steppe.
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Fencing
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The biomass of different vegetational type of grassland in Alpine meadow of Gemuton was investigated.The results showed that there was the significat difference in the biomass of different vegetationcl type of grassland(P0.05),and the above-ground biomass and the under-ground biomass of different vegetational type of grassland showed the order as follows:Kobresia tibetica swamp meadowSalix oritrepha shrub meadowK.pygmaca meadow.Changes of Biomass of above-ground in different functional group composition,biomass of above-ground of sedges showed the pattern like this:K.tibetica swamp meadowSalix oritrepha shrub meadowK.pygmaca meadow,biomass of above-ground of gramineae and forbs both showed the pattern like this:Salix oritrepha shrub meadowK.tibetica swamp meadowK.pygmaca meadow,In the various plots,biomass of under-ground were decreasing with increasing of soil depth.
Swamp
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