Evaluation of optimal collection system and positions of offshore power substations of an offshore wind farm
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With energy demand increasing gradually,offshore wind turbines of 5 MW or bigger are required in offshore wind farms.The fixed foundation structure cannot meet the requirements,and development of the floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) becomes the new trend.The general characteristics of two FOWT prototypes were presented.The features of different floating foundations were compared.Performences of model experiments were analyzed and the key technologies involved are investigated.Some suitable suggestions on theoretical and experimental researches of floating wind turbines in China were provided.The theoretical foundation for constructions of large-scale offshore wind farms in China was offered.
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An efficient, well-balanced North Sea Offshore Grid (NSOG) requires an area-based approach for large-scale OWF deployment. However, the essential coordination of environmental, spatial and energy planning at a basin scale is lacking. This study offers a systematic approach for unidirectional coupling of spatially explicit offshore development scenarios potentials(km2), with an integrated energy system model, IESA-NS. Under the NSOG concept, we calculate spatial potentials for 8 predefined energy hubs(clusters). By combining the potential spatial availability, deployment and energy system costs(IESA-NS) and the risk management options (OWFs/fisheries/marine protected areas-MPA), we unfold trade-offs emerging in the planning of the future NSOG. Hence, a lower-cost NSOG, in reaching the North Sea 2050 energy targets, depends on integrated, collaborative space management, fast deployment of fixed-bottom OWFs by 2030(3.5 times the current capacity) and multi-use with static gear fisheries (Cluster 3) and MPAs (Cluster 7). Alternatively, a higher-cost NSOG with lower impacts on the MPAs and fisheries, is highly dependent on floating OWFs (32.6GWs by 2030), from 2 British NSOG clusters. In both cases, floating OWFs are essential, the effective use of cluster space requires basin-scale collaboration (Cluster 7-Dogger Bank), and the untapped potential of Cluster 8(floating OWFs) can lower the pressure on other NSOG clusters.
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In this paper, we emphasize the opportunity to capitalize Romania’s offshore wind potential by creating fixed and floating offshore platforms and by using HVDC- type solutions for the transport of produced electricity.
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The offshore floating wind turbine and its development are introduced and the classification of the floating structure and the existing challenges is summarized.The study on offshore wind turbine is analyzed in detail.The developing trend of offshore floating wind turbine is given.The feasibility of offshore floating wind turbine in China is briefly discussed finally.
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An efficient, well-balanced North Sea Offshore Grid (NSOG) requires an area-based approach for large-scale OWF deployment. However, the essential coordination of environmental, spatial and energy planning at a basin scale is lacking. This study offers a systematic approach for unidirectional coupling of potentials( ), with an integrated energy system model, IESA-NS. Under the NSOG concept, we calculate spatial potentials for 8 predefined energy hubs(clusters). By combining the potential spatial availability, deployment and energy system costs(IESA-NS) and the risk management options (OWFs/fisheries/marine protected areas-MPA), we unfold trade-offs emerging in the planning of the future NSOG. Hence, a lower-cost NSOG, in reaching the North Sea 2050 energy targets, depends on integrated, collaborative space management, fast deployment of fixed-bottom OWFs by 2030(3.5 times the current capacity) and multi-use with static gear fisheries (Cluster 3) and MPAs (Cluster 7). Alternatively, a higher-cost NSOG with lower impacts on the MPAs and fisheries, is highly dependent on floating OWFs (32.6GWs by 2030), from 2 British NSOG clusters. In both cases, floating OWFs are essential, the effective use of cluster space requires basin-scale collaboration (Cluster 7-Dogger Bank), and the untapped potential of Cluster 8(floating OWFs) can lower the pressure on other NSOG clusters.
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Offshore energy hubs connect large amounts of offshore wind to a hub from where the generation can be transmitted to onshore, potentially linking to multiple surrounding countries. The benefits of such hubs, and the related meshed offshore grid to connect them, have been investigated in the North Sea. The system-wide impacts of offshore energy hubs in the Baltic Sea are less studied; however, the region is seeing increased interest in offshore wind development. This paper uses detailed offshore wind generation simulations and energy system optimisation to investigate the cost-effectiveness of offshore energy hubs in the Baltic Sea in different scenarios towards 2050. The results show that the largest deployment of offshore energy hubs occurs when the energy system is highly electrified. The strongest development of the offshore energy hubs occurs in the southern part of the Baltic Sea.
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Currently there is a high interest in offshore grids, especially can be mentioned the matter of increasing power generation from offshore wind farms, supplying offshore loads and cross-border connections. In this article typical elements incorporated within offshore grids will be mentioned: wind farms, high power loads, gas turbines and marine current farms. The aim of this article is to comment on means of modelling methods for angle stability analysis within offshore grids. Furthermore, this article dissertates about exemplary results of stability analysis of offshore grid test model.
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This paper introduces the current status of offshore wind power. With the development of ocean oil drilling platform, it also describes the offshore wind turbine structure definition, foundation types and how to select according to water depth.
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