Analysis on the Clutch Torque of Automated Manual Transmission Vehicle during Dynamometer Test
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Abstract:
With the rise in oil prices and ongoing concerns about environment, there is an increased amount of interest in automated manual transmission (AMT) vehicles. Torque control in an AMT vehicle is attained by controlling the displacement of the dry-type clutch's actuator. To provide good ride comfort akin to that of an automatic transmission vehicle, the clutch control is vital to an AMT vehicle. In this study, a method of obtaining the clutch torque from a dynamometer test is devised. This method is able to identify the relationship between the displacement of the clutch actuator and the clutch torque. A simulator for estimating the performance of an AMT vehicle is developed using MATLAB Simulink. The results obtained from both the vehicle and simulation exhibit a similar trend.Keywords:
Dynamometer
Manual transmission
Automatic transmission
Torque converter
After a brief description of the most important "automatic" solutions, this paper explores the advantages of automated manual ones, particularly in the dual-clutch transmission (DCT) configuration. This mechanical architecture offers gear shifts without interruption of power (the so-called "torque gap"), by applying the engine torque to one clutch just as the engine torque is being disconnected from the other one. The result is jerk-free gear change with the same driving style found in a conventional automatic combined with the efficiency of a manual transmission. It is as smooth as the most automatics, but more economical; it is as easy to drive as a standard auto, faster and more responsive than even the sportiest manual gearbox. The two clutches are engaged alternatively in different speeds and power transmission continues during a shift through the control of clutch slippage. This outstanding design allows automakers to achieve what previously had seemed impossible: to improve both comfort and sportiness, whilst at the same time fulfilling the essential requirement of reducing fuel consumption. Historical evolution, future market forecast and recent patents complete the paper, while recent modelling approaches and proposed control strategies are referenced. Keywords: Automatic transmission (AT), automated manual transmission (AMT), dual-clutch transmission (DCT), automotive mechatronics, torque gap and gearbox
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It is necessary to understand the overall system including engine, torque converter, multiplate clutch, band brake, one-way clutch, planetary gears, road load and tyre to analyse the performance of the vehicle powertrain. The performance of the powertrain can be analysed using dynamic models including transient characteristics and the equations of motion are derived from the dynamic models of the powertrain. In this study, the shift transient characteristics of the vehicle equipped with a Ravigneaux-type planetary gears automatic transmission has been investigated. A shift control using engine torque reduction and optimum pressure trajectory has also been investigated in order to enhance transient characteristics during shift.
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In this thesis an integrated powertrain control for gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions is developed.
First, a detailed model of an automotive powertrain featuring a twin clutch transmission is developed in Matlab/Simulink®. This model includes detailed friction models for the twin clutch that enable an investigation into the effects of different friction materials on the
performance of the gearshift controller. The transmission model also includes detailed models of the synchronisers and thus allows a simulation of synchroniser-to-synchroniser shifts. A simplified phenomenological model, derived from a more complex non-linear model, is employed to model the hydraulic actuation of clutches and synchroniser. The thesis finds that the dependency of the friction coefficient on the sliding speed has an important influence on the gearshift quality and the performance of gearshift controller, while the absolute level of the
friction coefficient is less important.
Based on this powertrain model the key problems of gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions were identified and a control that overcomes these problems was developed. The first stage was to devise a gearshift control algorithm that handles single clutch-to-clutch shifts without a oneway
(freewheeler-, overrunning-) clutch. This basic gearshift control algorithm featured a control of clutch slip for the engine torque transfer and a control of engine speed through engine torque manipulation (plus clutch pressure manipulation for downshifts). In a second stage, an
optional transmission output torque control was developed that could be integrated in the basic control. The thesis shows that these control strategies are superior, in terms of shift quality, to conventional gearshift controls as used on planetary-type transmissions and are also robust
against variations in the powertrain parameters (including friction coefficient) and sensor noise. The control strategies developed for single clutch-to-clutch shifts were extended to handle double and other multiple gearshifts that take place in the same transmission half.
The thesis also investigates the other main part of gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions, the gear pre-selection. The thesis shows that, on power-on gearshifts, the torque reactions at the transmission output due to the gear pre-selection with conventional hydraulically actuated
synchronisers can be effectively compensated for by a simple manipulation of engine torque.
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Abstract A wet clutch, which is a type of an oil‐lubricated friction device, is widely utilized in contemporary drivetrain systems as a torque‐transmission or torque‐holding device. It is most commonly employed in a planetary gear‐based automatic transmission as a means to alter torque paths for automated gear ratio changing. A wet clutch is also found as a vehicle launch device in a lay shaft automatic transmission, as a torque split device in a torque transfer case, and, most recently, as a torque‐coupling device in a gasoline‐electric hybrid drive. Although the wet clutch technology has been around over 100 years, its design continues to evolve even today to meet ever‐demanding challenges in fuel economy improvement, drivability enhancement, and shift quality refinement. This chapter describes a wet clutch structure, components, construction materials, and key geometric features. The operating mechanisms and characteristics are presented in details for open clutch, engagement, and release processes. A clutch design process and evaluation methods are discussed in relation to fuel economy, automatic shift quality, and durability requirements. This chapter is concluded with a summary of future trends in wet clutch technologies.
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Manual transmission
Drivetrain
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With the rise in oil prices and ongoing concerns about environment, there is an increased amount of interest in automated manual transmission (AMT) vehicles. Torque control in an AMT vehicle is attained by controlling the displacement of the dry-type clutch's actuator. To provide good ride comfort akin to that of an automatic transmission vehicle, the clutch control is vital to an AMT vehicle. In this study, a method of obtaining the clutch torque from a dynamometer test is devised. This method is able to identify the relationship between the displacement of the clutch actuator and the clutch torque. A simulator for estimating the performance of an AMT vehicle is developed using MATLAB Simulink. The results obtained from both the vehicle and simulation exhibit a similar trend.
Dynamometer
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Automatic transmission
Torque converter
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Friction Launch transmissions use a wet multi-plate clutch to replace the torque converter in an automatic transmission. The main benefit of this technology is fuel economy improvement as a result of eliminating the losses in the torque converter. By using one of the range clutches inside the transmission instead of an input clutch in place of the converter, the benefits of this integrated friction launch technology, such as reduction in mass, packaging, and cost, can be enhanced. The availability of new automatic transmissions with higher number of speeds and wider overall ratio spreads makes this technology more viable than ever before. This project focuses on control issues with the friction launch clutch which include developing robust control algorithms for launch and creep, and providing damping to the driveline, when required, and ensuring acceptable vehicle drivability. This paper describes in detail the development of vehicle launch control algorithms. Vehicle test data is presented to show that the control strategy developed in this project significantly reduces the gap between the drivability of a starting clutch vehicle and a torque converter equipped vehicle.
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The performance of an automatic transmission is dependent on the dynamics of its components, such as the clutch, planetary gear, and torque converter. In particular, the clutch pressure and planetary gear output speed can affect the overall performance of an automatic transmission. In this paper, It will present the kinematic relations, the dynamics of planetary structure, calculating the impact of braking torque of brake and clutch to slip to the speed of the vehicle Toyota Camry used automatic transmission A140L. Since then, the graph describing the dependence of the transmission ratio gearbox in the hands of, the speed of vehicles on the oil pressure brake and clutch. Finally, modeling and simulation control of such operations by SolidWorks and Matlab Simulink Simmechanics software to clear about this effect
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The Powertrain Dynamics Library (PTDynamics) has been developed using a new approach to modelling the mechanics of rotating MultiBody systems.This paper will highlight the recent developments within the PTDynamics library with a focus on the dynamic torque converter and wet clutch models that enable the prediction of the launch feel of automatic and dual clutch transmission equipped vehicles.Two examples are presented: one that compares the effect of oil temperature on the initial launch of a vehicle with a dual wet-clutch transmission; and a second that compares the behaviour of steady state and dynamic torque converter models.
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