Close Relationship of Ruminant Pestiviruses and Classical Swine Fever Virus
Alexander PostelStefanie SchmeiserTuba Çiğdem OğuzoğluDaniela IndenbirkenMalik AlawiNicole FischerAdam GrundhoffPaul Becher
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Abstract:
To determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from Turkey. They differed genetically and antigenically from known Pestivirus species and were closely related to CSFV. Cross-reactions would interfere with classical swine fever diagnosis in pigs.Keywords:
Classical swine fever
Pestivirus
Cattle Diseases
Pestivirus
Classical swine fever
Walker motifs
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To determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from Turkey. They differed genetically and antigenically from known Pestivirus species and were closely related to CSFV. Cross-reactions would interfere with classical swine fever diagnosis in pigs.
Classical swine fever
Pestivirus
Cattle Diseases
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Classical Swine Fever(CSF) or Hog Cholera is one of the most feared and devastating disease of pigs. The disease has become main threat to pig industry in counrties with a dense pig population and is known to cause more deaths in pigs as compared to many other infectious agents. The disease is endemic in many parts of India including Assam. The virus belongs to genus Pestivirus and family Flaviviridae and has close antigenic similarity with the two other members of this genus ie. Border disease virus (BDV) and Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Out of these CSFV induces severe illness in young piglets and thereby cause severe economic loss in pig industry.It is important to differentiate CSF from other pestiviruses. nRT-PCR is a suitable approach for screening of suspected cases of disease and is now accepted by many countries and the European Union. Among several genes tested E2 is found to be more effective for genotyping of CSFV isolates. The envelope glycoprotein E2 is highly conserved and CSFV specific.The present investigation was conducted to detect CSFV from Tissue culture fluid using Nested Reverse Transcriptase- Ploymerase Chain Reaction (nRT-PCR) assay by amplifying the CSFV specific E2 gene fragment.
Classical swine fever
Pestivirus
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) and classical swine fever virus(CSFV) both belong to Pestivirus,Flaviviridae.It can cause immune failure by BVDV pollution in swine fever vaccine.But because of the similar of their virus structure,genome structure,and antigen characteristics,they have cross reaction.So it is difficult to detect the BVDV pollution in swine fever vaccine.In this paper,we have discussed the situation of BVDV pollution in swine fever vaccine and its detection methods,aiming to provide theoretical basis for detecting BVDV pollution in swine fever vaccines.
Classical swine fever
Pestivirus
Environmental Pollution
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen belonging to the Pestivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, which comprises viral species that causes an economic impact in animal production. Cattle are the natural host of BVDV and the main source of infection for pigs and other animal species. Due to its antigenic and genetic similarity with other important pestiviruses such as Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), several studies have been conducted to elucidate the real role of this virus in piglets, sows, and boars, not only in the field but also in experimental infections, which will be discussed in this paper. Although BVDV does not pose a threat to pigs as it does to ruminants, the occurrence of clinical signs is variable and may depend on several factors. Therefore, this study presents a survey of data on BVDV infection in pigs, comparing information on prevalence in different countries and the results of experimental infections to understand this type of infection in pigs better.
Pestivirus
Classical swine fever
Cattle Diseases
Virus classification
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The genus Pestivirus comprises globally distributed members of the family Flaviviridae, which cause severe losses in livestock. The most common species of the genus are bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV). Recently, a novel ovine pestivirus was repeatedly detected in aborted lamb foetuses on a farm located in the Brescia Province (Italy). Complete genome characterization of this isolate showed that it was highly divergent from known pestivirus species and that it was genetically closely related to CSFV. The aim of this study was to determine the serological relatedness between the identified novel pestivirus and BVDV, BDV and CSFV selected strains for which homologous serum was available, by antigenic characterization performed using cross-neutralization assays. The serological relatedness was expressed as the coefficient of antigenic similarity (R). Both field and specific antisera raised against the ovine pestivirus neutralized the CSFV reference strain Diepholz with titres significantly higher than those specific for the BDV and BVDV strains. Furthermore, the calculated R values clearly indicated that the novel ovine pestivirus is antigenically more related to CSFV than to ruminant pestiviruses, in agreement with the results of the genomic analysis. This would have severe consequences on CSFV serology in the event of a switch to porcine hosts with implications for CSFV surveillance and porcine health management.
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Classical swine fever
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Classical swine fever
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The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae mainly comprises classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and multiple new pestivirus species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause infectious diseases, resulting in tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry. Different types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these important animal diseases. In recent years, pestiviruses have shown great potential as viral vectors for developing multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pestivirus vaccines, including live attenuated pestivirus strains, genetically engineered marker pestiviruses, and pestivirus-based multivalent vaccines. This review provides new insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, such as APPV and ovine pestivirus.
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Classical swine fever
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