[Studies on the simultaneous measurement of several cephalosporins by RP-HPLC (I)].
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This paper reported the research on the simultaneous separation and determination of six cephalosporins by RP-HPLC. Six cephalosporins are cefalcor, cefalexin, cefradine, cefadroxil, cefominox and cefoxitin. The analytical conditions for this method were as follows: a Hypersil ODS C18(200 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microns), detection wavelength: 254 nm; a mobile phase solution of 50 mmol/L monopotassium phosphate (pH 3.4)-acetonitrile (87.5:12.5) and DAD detector. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curves of the six compounds were linear, the correlation coefficients were 0.9951 for cefominox, 0.9999 for the others, the range were 164 ng-16.4 micrograms for cefominox, 99 ng-9.934 micrograms for cefadroxil, 104 ng-10.358 micrograms for cefalcor, 122 ng-12.224 micrograms for cefalexin, 107 ng-10.702 micrograms for cefradine and 115 ng-11.506 micrograms for cefoxitin. The recovery rates were 103.5% for cefominox, 99.3% for cefadroxil, 101.4% for cefalcor, 101.5% for cefalexin, 98.7% for cefradine and 97.6% for cefoxitin. Six cephalosporins were all stable in 50 mmol/L monopotassium phosphate (pH 3.4-4.6). When preparations of these cephalosporins were determined, it is indicated there were no difference between the results by using this method and the pharmacopoeia methods. The total separation time of these cephalosporins was within fifteen minutes. This method is simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate.Keywords:
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
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A simple and rapid reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 13 cephalosporin compounds. A mixture of cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefamandole nafate, cefamandole sodium, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftizoxime, cephalothin, cephalexin, cephapirin, and cephradine was resolved into its components in raw material and dosage form samples by using a C18 column, a methanol-water-acetic acid (30 + 70 + 0.1) mobile phase, and a UV detector set at 254 nm. The proposed method is suited both for the determination of cephalosporins in a wide variety of commercial dosage forms and for the investigation of related compounds and other impurities in samples of 7 of the cephalosporins.
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Cefamandole
Ceftizoxime
Cefazolin
Cefoperazone
Solid phase extraction
Cefixime
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Citations (25)
This paper reported the research on the simultaneous separation and determination of six cephalosporins by RP-HPLC. Six cephalosporins are cefalcor, cefalexin, cefradine, cefadroxil, cefominox and cefoxitin. The analytical conditions for this method were as follows: a Hypersil ODS C18(200 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microns), detection wavelength: 254 nm; a mobile phase solution of 50 mmol/L monopotassium phosphate (pH 3.4)-acetonitrile (87.5:12.5) and DAD detector. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curves of the six compounds were linear, the correlation coefficients were 0.9951 for cefominox, 0.9999 for the others, the range were 164 ng-16.4 micrograms for cefominox, 99 ng-9.934 micrograms for cefadroxil, 104 ng-10.358 micrograms for cefalcor, 122 ng-12.224 micrograms for cefalexin, 107 ng-10.702 micrograms for cefradine and 115 ng-11.506 micrograms for cefoxitin. The recovery rates were 103.5% for cefominox, 99.3% for cefadroxil, 101.4% for cefalcor, 101.5% for cefalexin, 98.7% for cefradine and 97.6% for cefoxitin. Six cephalosporins were all stable in 50 mmol/L monopotassium phosphate (pH 3.4-4.6). When preparations of these cephalosporins were determined, it is indicated there were no difference between the results by using this method and the pharmacopoeia methods. The total separation time of these cephalosporins was within fifteen minutes. This method is simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate.
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
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Abstract It was found that the chemiluminescence arising from the reaction of luminol with KIO4 in alkaline solution could be strongly enhanced by cephalosporin antibiotics. Based on these observations, a new flow injection chemiluminescence method is proposed for the determination of four cephalosporin antibiotics: cefalexin, cefaclor, cefradine, and cefadroxil. The detection limits of the method are 0.9 ng mL−1 cefalexin, 0.4 ng mL−1 cefaclor, 10 ng mL−1 cefradine, and 10 ng mL−1 cefadroxil. The method was successfully applied to the determination of four cephalosprin antibiotics in pharmaceutical preparations.
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
Cefaclor
Luminol
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Potassium periodate
Potassium permanganate
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The aim of the study was the characterization of the electrophoretic behavior of cephalosporins from different generation having different structural characteristics in order to develop a rapid, simple and efficient capillary electrophoretic method for their identification and simultaneous separation from complex mixtures.Ten cephalosporin derivatives (cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone) were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis using different background electrolyte solutions at different pH values. Electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes were calculated, the influence of the electrophoretic parameteres on the separation was established and the analytical conditions were optimized.Taking into consideration their structural and chemical properties cephalosporins can be detected over a pH range between 6 and 10. The best results were obtained using a buffer solution containing 25 mM disodium hydrogenophosphate - 25 mM sodium dihydrogenophosphate, at a pH - 7.00, + 25 kV voltage at a temperature of 25 °C, UV detection at 210 nm. Using the optimized analytical conditions we achieved the simultaneous baseline separation for seven cephalosporins in less then 10 minutes.Using the described optimized electrophoretic procedures, capillary electrophoresis can be used for the identification and determination of cephalosporins in formulated pharmaceutical products and for their separation from complex mixtures.
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The in vitro activities of five cephalosporin antibiotics against 121 strains of salmonellae were compared. Cefamandole and cefaclor were more potent than cefazolin, and these three drugs were more active than cephalothin and cephalexin.
Cefamandole
Cefazolin
Cefaclor
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Cephradine
Moxalactam
Cefalotin
Cefalexin
Cefsulodin
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Abstract A spectrophotometric determination is described for cephalosporins, offering adequate sensitivity and good precision. The procedure applies successfully to a wide variety of cephalosporins, also in pharmaceutical preparations: cephalothin, cefacetrile, cephapirin, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cephaloridine, cefazolin, cefamandole nafate, cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefoxitin and cefuroxime. The method employs a reaction with ammonium molybdate in sulphuric acid medium. The antibiotic is heated at 91.5°C for 15 min and the absorbance of the coloured product is measured at 670 nm against a reagent blank treated similarly. Beer's law is obeyed up to 125 to 150 μg of cephalosporin in the 5-ml final solution. The effect of reagent concentration and reaction conditions are discussed.
Cefadroxil
Ceftizoxime
Cephradine
Cephaloridine
Cefazolin
Cefoperazone
Cefuroxime
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Cefamandole
Cefixime
Cefsulodin
Ammonium molybdate
Absorbance
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The in vitro activity of 10 cephalosporin antimicrobial agents against 75 isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius derived from dogs was assessed. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of strains (MIC90) values obtained were for cephalothin, cefovecin, and cefazolin (0.12 ug/mL), followed by ceftiofur and cefoxitin (0.25 ug/mL), cefpodoxime (0.5 ug/mL), and cefaclor and cefadroxil (1 ug/mL). The highest MIC90 values were found for cephalexin and cefixime (2 ug/mL). In this in vitro study, sensitivity to cephalothin was indicative of cephalexin susceptibility, although there were marked differences in MICs. Cephalothin susceptibility was not indicative of susceptibility to all tested cephalosporins, nor was there a clear trend in susceptibility based on cephalosporin generation.
Cefazolin
Cefixime
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
Ceftiofur
Cefalotin
Cefaclor
Cefpodoxime
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Purpose: To develop a simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of cefadroxil monohydrate in human plasma.Methods: Schimadzu HPLC with LC solution software was used with Waters Spherisorb, C18 (5 μm, 150mm × 4.5mm) column. The mobile phase was sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 4.0 and methanol in a ratio of 96:4. Flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and injection volume was 100 μl. Peak response was detected at 260 nm.Results: System suitability results revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) for retention time, peak response, tailing factor and resolution of six replicate injections was < 3 %. The method was selective to determine cefadroxil in plasma because there was no peak interference of plasma with cefadroxil at its retention time (7.792 min). Linearity was in the range of 0.5 - 30 μg/ml with slope and intercept of 41694.53 and 22614.87, respectively (R2 = 0.9953). Limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the method were 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively. Absolute recovery of cefadroxil from plasma was in the range 71 - 90.4 %, while inter-day and intra-day analysis showed satisfactory precision and accuracy; thus, the method was reproducible with the range of CV, i.e., 0.35 - 4.01 and 1.88 - 7.9 % for interday and intraday precision, respectively.Conclusion: The developed method being simple, rapid, reproducible can be suitably employed in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of cefadroxil monohydrate.Keywords: Validation, Cefadroxil monohydrate, Human plasma, Pharmacokinetics Bioequivalence
Cefadroxil
Bioequivalence
Coefficient of variation
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Cefadroxil and cefalexine were characterized by thermal and spectral analysis. A vibrational study by infrared and Raman spectroscopies was made to connect the structural data with the antibacterial activity.
Cefalexin
Cefadroxil
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