[Effect of climate change on net primary productivity of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) at different successional stages of broad-leaved Korean pine forest].
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Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests of Changbai Mountain at different successional stages (secondary poplar-birch forest, secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest and the primitive Korean pine forest) were selected in this paper as the research objects. In this research, the annual growth of net primary productivity (NPP) (1921-2006) of P. koraiensis was obtained by combining the tree-ring chronology and relative growth formulae, the correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis and climatic factors was developed, and the annual growth of NPP of P. koraiensis at different successional stages in relation to climatic variation within different climate periods were analyzed. The results showed that, in the research period, the correlations between climatic factors and NPP of P. koraiensis at different successional stages were different. With increasing the temperature, the correlations between NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary poplar-birch forest and the minimum temperatures of previous and current growing seasons changed from being significantly negative to being significantly positive. The positive correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest and the minimum temperature in current spring changed into significantly positive correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis and the temperatures in previous and current growing seasons. The climatic factors had a stronger hysteresis effect on NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest, but NPP of P. koraiensis in the primitive Korean pine forest had weaker correlation with temperature but stronger positive correlation with the precipitation of previous growing season. The increases of minimum and mean temperatures were obvious, but no significant variations of the maximum temperature and precipitation were observed at our site. The climatic variation facilitated the increase of the NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary poplar-birch forest at the initial successional stage and in secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest at the intermediate successional stage, and this effect was especially obvious for the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest, but very small for the primitive Korean pine forest which was at the climax phase.Keywords:
Pinus koraiensis
Secondary forest
Betula platyphylla
Growing season
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Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine forests of Changbai Mountain at different successional stages (secondary poplar-birch forest, secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest and the primitive Korean pine forest) were selected in this paper as the research objects. In this research, the annual growth of net primary productivity (NPP) (1921-2006) of P. koraiensis was obtained by combining the tree-ring chronology and relative growth formulae, the correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis and climatic factors was developed, and the annual growth of NPP of P. koraiensis at different successional stages in relation to climatic variation within different climate periods were analyzed. The results showed that, in the research period, the correlations between climatic factors and NPP of P. koraiensis at different successional stages were different. With increasing the temperature, the correlations between NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary poplar-birch forest and the minimum temperatures of previous and current growing seasons changed from being significantly negative to being significantly positive. The positive correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest and the minimum temperature in current spring changed into significantly positive correlation between NPP of P. koraiensis and the temperatures in previous and current growing seasons. The climatic factors had a stronger hysteresis effect on NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest, but NPP of P. koraiensis in the primitive Korean pine forest had weaker correlation with temperature but stronger positive correlation with the precipitation of previous growing season. The increases of minimum and mean temperatures were obvious, but no significant variations of the maximum temperature and precipitation were observed at our site. The climatic variation facilitated the increase of the NPP of P. koraiensis in the secondary poplar-birch forest at the initial successional stage and in secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest at the intermediate successional stage, and this effect was especially obvious for the secondary coniferous and broad-leaved forest, but very small for the primitive Korean pine forest which was at the climax phase.
Pinus koraiensis
Secondary forest
Betula platyphylla
Growing season
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Ongoing intensification of the hydrological cycle is altering rainfall regimes by increasing the frequency of extreme wet and dry years and the size of individual rainfall events. Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of precipitation amount and variability for most terrestrial ecosystem processes, we lack understanding of their interactive effects on ecosystem functioning. We quantified this interaction in native grassland by experimentally eliminating temporal variability in growing season rainfall over a wide range of precipitation amounts, from extreme wet to dry conditions. We contrasted the rain use efficiency (RUE) of above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) under conditions of experimentally reduced versus naturally high rainfall variability using a 32-year precipitation-ANPP dataset from the same site as our experiment. We found that increased growing season rainfall variability can reduce RUE and thus ecosystem functioning by as much as 42% during dry years, but that such impacts weaken as years become wetter. During low precipitation years, RUE is lowest when rainfall event sizes are relatively large, and when a larger proportion of total rainfall is derived from large events. Thus, a shift towards precipitation regimes dominated by fewer but larger rainfall events, already documented over much of the globe, can be expected to reduce the functioning of mesic ecosystems primarily during drought, when ecosystem processes are already compromised by low water availability.
Grassland ecosystem
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By sampling investigation,community structures of overcut original forest,secondary birch forests and larch plantation forest caused by different disturbances had been analyzed and classified gap fraction and leaf area index,and two community canopy structure index had been analyzed.Results of gap fraction were:original broadleaved Korean pine forest (0.194),original broadleaved stand (0.185),structure switched stand (0.315),structure reserved stand (0.363),structure destroyed stand (0.235),heavy disturbed stand (0.550),secondary birch stand (0.213), and larch plantations (0.227).Results of leaf area index were:original broadleaved Korean pine forest (1.766),original broadleaved stand (1.680),structure switched stand (1.250),structure reserved stand (1.028),structure destroyed stand (1.550),heavily disturbed stand (0.635), secondary birch stand (1.731), and larch plantations (1.473).
Pinus koraiensis
Secondary forest
Betula platyphylla
Pine forest
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In this paper,dendrochronology method was used to reveal the dynamic response way of different species’ radial growth to climate change. Group-species Pinus koraiensis and pioneer-species Populus davidiana were selected in Changbai Mountain of northeastern China. The results showed that radial growth of P. koraiensis was significantly positive with the temperature and precipitation in previous winter (P0.05). Pioneer-species P. davidiana was significantly negative with precipitation in the end of current growing season. In the extreme year,warm and wet winter as well as warm growing season intensified the narrow ring formation of P. koraiensis. The ring-width of P. davidiana was controlled by precipitation in previous and temperature in current spring. The results added the evidence that there was specific response way of trees to climate factors. With the change of climate factors,the positive effect of spring precipitation on P. koraiensis and the limit function of minimum temperature on two species were enhanced. It may lead to the suitable region reduction of P. koraiensis in Changbai Mountain of northeastern China.
Pinus koraiensis
Growing season
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Betula platyphylla
Interception
Pinus koraiensis
Canopy interception
Secondary forest
Growing season
Stemflow
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Fine root dynamics and net primary production were studied using the sequential soil coring method in an old-growth Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) mixed broadleaved forest, an 80-year-old stand of secondary birch (Betula platyphylla Suks.) in mixture with poplar (Populus davidiana Dode) and a 20-year-old stand of secondary birch and poplar in Changbai Mountains in Northeast China. The biomass and necromass of the fine roots in the 0- to 0.5-m soil layer were determined every month from May to October in three types of forest during 2002. The total and monthly production dynamics of the fine roots were calculated and analysed according to seasonal biomass changes along the successional gradient, as well as their carbon and nitrogen contents. The total production of the fine roots from the dominant tree species increased along the successional gradient, being 222.8, 569.1 and 672.3 g m−2 from the young forest through to the old-growth stage, respectively. As important soil carbon and nitrogen sources, the total carbon and nitrogen storages by fine root growth increased along forest succession in the Changbai Mountains.
Pinus koraiensis
Betula platyphylla
Carbon fibers
Secondary forest
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Pinus koraiensis
Growing season
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Carbon isotope in tree ring is an effective indicator of climate and environmental change. However, few studies have analyzed the indication effect of tree ring carbon isotope on net primary productivity (NPP) of forests. Based on meteorological factors of growing seasons, we analyzed the variation trend and the relationship between the tree ring δ13C chronosequence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and net primary productivity (NPP) of Korean pine in Changbai Mountain. We found that before 1970, the change of Korean pine tree ring δ13C and NPP was synchronous, with a highly significant linear positive correlation between them, indicating that tree ring δ13C recorded the impacts of climate change on NPP. After 1970, tree ring δ13C was negatively correlated with NPP but not statistically significant, meaning that other environmental factors such as severe droughts reduced the sensitivity of tree ring δ13C to climate change and the recording of NPP by tree ring δ13C. The δ13C of the current year was also correlated with the corresponding NPP in the following year, which indicated that the current year's environmental conditions were of great significance to the growth of Korean pine in the following year. This study showed that tree ring δ13C was a good indicator of the NPP of Korean pine in Changbai Mountain and that tree ring δ13C had the potential to reconstruct long-term changes of forest NPP in the history.解析树木年轮碳同位素变化是揭示气候与环境变化的有效途径,然而少有研究分析年轮碳同位素对森林净初级生产力(NPP)的指示效应.基于生长季气象因子,分析了长白山红松年轮δ13C记录序列与阔叶红松林红松种群NPP变化趋势以及两者之间的相关关系.结果表明: 1970年以前,研究区红松年轮δ13C与红松种群NPP变化同步,且两者间呈极显著线性正相关关系,年轮δ13C记录了气候变化对红松种群NPP的影响;1970年以后,红松年轮δ13C与红松种群NPP变化出现分异,两者呈负相关关系但相关性不显著,表明干旱等其他环境因子的影响使年轮δ13C对气候变化的敏感性和对NPP指示性降低.这一相关关系在红松年轮δ13C与当年和下一年红松种群NPP之间都存在,表明当年环境状况对来年红松生长的重要意义.说明长白山红松年轮δ13C对红松种群NPP有良好的指示性,树木年轮δ13C有重建森林历史NPP长期变化的潜力.
Pinus koraiensis
Chronosequence
Betula platyphylla
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Pinus koraiensis
Growing season
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Secondary forest
Larix gmelinii
Betula platyphylla
Soil respiration
Temperate forest
Old-growth forest
Pinus koraiensis
Temperate rainforest
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