Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Topdressing on Water Use Characteristics of Maize-Pea Intercropping System
5
Citation
24
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
摘要:Keywords:
Intercropping
Background: Mixed intercropping is the commonly practiced cropping system but it is unproductive with a low return on investment. This study was conducted at the Bela-Bela region of Limpopo province, South Africa to assess the performance of improved cowpea varieties in a cowpea-maize strip intercropping in comparison with farmers’ traditional cropping practice (mixed intercropping). Strip intercropping is a novel productive cropping system and its productivity has not been tested in study region. There is a dire need to test the productivity of this important novel cropping system practice in the region. Methods: Five cowpea varieties (TVu 13464, IT86D-1010, Glenda, IT82E-16 and IT87K-499-35) and maize were planted under strip intercropping, monocropping and mixed intercropping as control treatments. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters and were analyzed using Genstat software 20.1. Result: Strip intercropping significantly improved the yield attributes and land equivalent ratio (LER) of the varieties as compared to the mixed intercropping. Strip intercropping significantly enhanced the grain yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) of IT82E-16, IT86D-1010, TVu 13464 and IT87K-499-35 as compared to Glenda. Adoption of strip intercropping and the high-yielding varieties will enhance crop diversity, food security, and nutrition in Limpopo Province.
Intercropping
Monocropping
Cropping system
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract One‐third of all the cultivated land area is used for multiple cropping and half of the total grain yield is produced with multiple cropping in China. There have been numerous studies on nutrient acquisition by crops in legume/non‐legume intercropping systems, but few on nutrient uptake in cereal/cereal intercropping. This paper describes a field experiment in which integrated wheat/maize and maize/faba bean systems were compared with sole wheat and sole faba bean cropping to assess the effects of intercropping on nutrient uptake by wheat, maize, and faba bean under various application rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizers. Results show that both N and P fertilizers and intercropping enhanced N uptake by wheat, while only P fertilizer and intercropping increased P acquisition by wheat. The advantage of N uptake by border rows of wheat intercropped with maize declined with increasing N fertilizer application rate, but that of P acquisition was not affected by P fertilizer. The amounts of both N and P taken up by maize intercropped with faba bean were much higher than those by maize intercropped with wheat throughout the period of intercropping. Both fertilization and intercropping did not influence the N and P uptake by faba bean. Keywords: Faba beanIntercroppingFertilizerMaizeNutrient acquisitionWheat Acknowledgments We thank the Major State Basic Research Development Program of the People's Republic of China (Project number G1999011707) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project number 30070450) for generous financial support.
Intercropping
Cropping system
Cite
Citations (47)
SUMMARY It is proposed that two distinct objectives should be recognized in the evaluation of intercropping advantages: (i) a biological objective to determine the increased biological efficiency of intercropping and (ii) a practical objective to determine the advantages that are likely to be obtained by a farmer. The sole crop systems with which intercropping must be compared to satisfy these objectives are defined. Evaluation in relative, absolute, monetary and nutritional units is discussed and some aspects of presenting intercropping data in graphical form are illustrated.
Intercropping
Cite
Citations (208)
A micro plot experiment and a root barrier technique were employed to investigate the intercropping advantage and the relative contribution of aboveground and under-ground interactions to the yield and nutrient uptaking in the wheat-maize intercropping system with or without plastic sheet mulching.The results showed that the land equivalent ratios(LERs) of both grain yield and biomass were 1.30 and 1.29 respectively for the intercropping of wheat and maize without plastic sheet mulching,showing a evident yield advantage of the intercropping.However,LERs with plastic sheet mulching were 1.41 for grain yield and 1.40 for biomass,indicating a significant yield advantage of the intercropping.There was evident advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping of wheat and maize without plastic sheet mulching,whereas there was greatly significant advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching.The contributions of above-ground and under-ground interactions to the intercropping advantage of both grain yield and biomass were 75% and 25% respectively for the intercropping without plastic sheet mulching.However,results of both grain yield and biomass were 67% and 33% respectively for the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching.The contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions to the increase of nutrient uptaking were 67% and 33% for nitrogen,67% and 33% for phosphorus,50% and 50% for potassium respectively when intercropped maize was not mulched with plastic sheet.However,results of nutrient uptaking were 50% and 50% for nitrogen,55% and 45% for phosphorus,50% and 50% for potassium respectively when intercropped maize was mulched with plastic sheet.
Intercropping
Plastic film
Cite
Citations (2)
A field experiment was conducted in oasis irrigation region of northwestern China to study the effects of different nitrogen applications and stripe compounds on yield and nitrogen use efficiencies in maize and pea intercropping system.The results showed that there was a significant yield advantage in intercropping system.The yield of 3: 4 strip type was significantly higher than 2: 4 strip type.Moreover,compared to no nitrogen application treatments,applying N fertilizer had significant increased the yield,the differences between middle and high nitrogen levels was not significant;Total nitrogen uptakes of intercropping were significantly higher than that of monoculture.Total nitrogen uptakes of middle nitrogen treatment at 3: 4 strip type was significantly higher than of 2: 4 strip type;The nitrogen use efficiency was significant increased in intercropping systems at nitrogen treatments and nitrogen treatments were significantly higher than that of no nitrogen treatments.There was no significant differences between middle and high nitrogen levels;Maize had more contribution to intercropping system in 2: 4 strip type while pea had more contribution in 3: 4 strip type.
Intercropping
Monoculture
Cite
Citations (0)
HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
Cite
Citations (21)
Intercropping
Cite
Citations (749)
Aims Optimization of resource structure is important for improving the yield of intercropping systems.Our objective was to clarify the contribution of above-and below-ground interactions to the intercropping advantage.Methods We employed a micro-plot experiment and root barriers in a wheat-maize intercropping system with or without maize plastic sheet mulching.Important findings Non-plastic sheet mulching wheat-maize intercropping system has a yield advantage with land equivalent ratios(LERs)for grain yield and biomass of 1.30 and 1.29,respectively.Plastic sheet mulching with maize can significantly increase the yield advantage of intercropping,with LERs for grain yield and biomass of 1.41 and 1.40,respectively.There is increased nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium uptake in the non-plastic sheet mulching wheat-maize intercropping and with plastic sheet mulching with maize.In the non-plastic sheet mulching intercropping system,the relative contribution to the intercropping advantage is 75% above-ground and 25% below-ground,but in the plastic sheet mulching intercropping system it is 67% above-ground and 33% below-ground.The relative contribution of above-and below-ground interactions to nutrient advantage are 67% and 33% for nitrogen and phosphorus and 50% and 50% for potassium,respectively,in non-plastic sheet mulching intercropping;however,plastic sheet mulching with maize can increase the below-ground contribution to nitrogen and phosphorus advantage in the intercropping(there is no significant influence to potassium advantage).Intercropping advantage can be obtained by crop matching and controlled by plastic sheet mulching.Plastic sheet mulching with maize can significantly increase yield advantage,nutrients absorption advantage and the below-ground contribution.
Intercropping
Plastic film
Cite
Citations (0)
A microplot experiment and a root barrier technique were employed to investigate the intercropping advantage and the relative contribution of above-and below-ground interactions to the yield and nutrient uptaking in the barley-maize intercropping system with or without plastic sheet mulching.The results showed that the land equivalent ratios (LERs) of both grain yield and biomass were around 1 (average 1.06) for the intercropping of barley and maize without plastic sheet mulching,showing a yield disadvantage of the intercropping.In contrast,LERs with plastic sheet mulching were 1.32 for grain yield and 1.30 for biomass,indicating a significant yield advantage of the intercropping.There was no significant advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping of barley and maize without plastic sheet mulching,whereas there was significant advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching.The contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions to the intercropping advantage of grain yield were 80% and 20%,respectively,for the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching.Similar results were observed for above-ground biomass.The contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions to the increase of nutrient uptaking were 50% and 50% for nitrogen,60% and 40% for phosphorus,45% and 55% for potassium respectively,when intercropped maize was mulched with plastic sheet.
Intercropping
Cite
Citations (4)