PIXE analysis of trace elements included in oral lichen planus-affected mucosa
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The purpose of our research is to identify causative metals by using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method to directly analyze trace elements in the oral mucosa with oral lichen planus (OLP). Subjects were 72 patients with OLP, and the patients are 25 men and 47 women, with a mean age of 60.1 years (OLP group). The control is elemental analysis data by PIXE method of 100 cases of the oral mucosa of healthy persons (control group). Seventeen essential elements and 12 contaminating elements were detected from the oral mucosa of the OLP and control groups. As to appearance ratio of elements in oral mucosa, among the contaminating elements, levels of Al, Ga, Sb, Hg and Pb were significantly lower, whereas Au and Y were significantly higher in the OLP group than in the control group. About concentration of elements in oral mucosa, the contaminating elements in the oral mucosa of the OLP group had a lower appearance ratio than in the control but each of the contaminating elements was more abundant. Among 25 subjects in the OLP group and seven in the control group, serum, oral mucosa and saliva were collected from the same individual. Abundance in serum and saliva varied depending on the element, but in general, a tendency was seen for contaminating elements to be more abundant in saliva than in serum and for essential elements to be more abundant in serum than in saliva.Keywords:
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
Trace element
The purpose of our research is to identify causative metals by using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method to directly analyze trace elements in the oral mucosa with oral lichen planus (OLP). Subjects were 72 patients with OLP, and the patients are 25 men and 47 women, with a mean age of 60.1 years (OLP group). The control is elemental analysis data by PIXE method of 100 cases of the oral mucosa of healthy persons (control group). Seventeen essential elements and 12 contaminating elements were detected from the oral mucosa of the OLP and control groups. As to appearance ratio of elements in oral mucosa, among the contaminating elements, levels of Al, Ga, Sb, Hg and Pb were significantly lower, whereas Au and Y were significantly higher in the OLP group than in the control group. About concentration of elements in oral mucosa, the contaminating elements in the oral mucosa of the OLP group had a lower appearance ratio than in the control but each of the contaminating elements was more abundant. Among 25 subjects in the OLP group and seven in the control group, serum, oral mucosa and saliva were collected from the same individual. Abundance in serum and saliva varied depending on the element, but in general, a tendency was seen for contaminating elements to be more abundant in saliva than in serum and for essential elements to be more abundant in serum than in saliva.
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
Trace element
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Abstract Background Saliva is an attractive sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, contradictory reports exist concerning the sensitivity of saliva versus nasal swabs. Methods We followed close contacts of COVID-19 cases for up to 14 days from last exposure and collected self-reported symptoms, mid-turbinate swabs (MTS), and saliva every two or three days. Ct values, viral load, and frequency of viral detection by MTS and saliva were compared. Results 58 contacts provided 200 saliva-MTS pairs; 14 contacts (13 with symptoms) had one or more positive samples. Saliva and MTS had similar rates of viral detection (p=0.78) and substantial agreement (κ=0.83). However, sensitivity varied significantly with time since symptom onset. Early on (days -3 to 2), saliva had 12 times (95%CI: 1.2, 130) greater likelihood of viral detection and 3.2 times (95% CI: 2.8, 3.8) higher RNA copy numbers compared to MTS. After day 2 post-symptoms, there was a non-significant trend toward greater sensitivity using MTS. Conclusion Saliva and MTS demonstrated high agreement making saliva a suitable alternative to MTS for COVID-19 detection. Saliva was more sensitive early in the infection when transmission is most likely to occur, suggesting that it may be a superior and cost-effective screening tool for COVID-19.
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The findings of this manuscript are increasingly important with new variants that appear to have shorter incubation periods emerging, which may be more prone to detection in saliva before detection in nasal swabs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide the science to support the use of a detection method that is highly sensitive and widely acceptable to the public to improve screening rates and early detection.
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Betacoronavirus
Sars virus
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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease. The etiology of OLP is not clear. The treatment of OLP is difficult as some of the OLP patients have little effects to the conventional mucosal treatments. In recent years, laser therapy has been adopted to treat patients with OLP. The CO(2) laser therapy has drawn much attention of doctors and scholars because of its advantages in treating the OLP. This review article mainly discusses the principle, effects and some state-of-the-art progresses in OLP treatment using CO(2) laser.口腔扁平苔藓（oral lichen planus，OLP ）是常见的口腔黏膜病，其病因不明，治疗较困难，传统疗法对部分患者无效。近年来激光疗法在治疗OLP上取得一定的效果，其中CO(2)激光因其较好的疗效得到国内外医师和学者的关注。本文主要探讨CO(2)激光治疗OLP的原理、疗效及新进展。.
Oral Lichen Planus
Etiology
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Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
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The aim of the work was to study the permeability of hematosalivary barrier for mineral elements and the assessment of its role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A total of 231 people were surveyed, which are divided into 6 groups depending on the clinical form of the disease and a control group. The concentrations of the mineral elements (zinc, copper and magnesium) in the blood serum and oral liquid are identified by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. For each mineral element calculated coefficient ratio to reflects the operation of the hematosalivary barrier, which is the ratio of the concentration in the blood serum and oral fluid. Patients with oral lichen planus were found a violation of the permeability of hematosalivary barrier for some mineral elements, which is important in the pathogenesis of the disease. It appears as opposite changes of the mineral composition of blood serum and oral fluid, which have correlation with the severity of the clinical course of the disease. With increasing severity of the clinical course observed a significant decreasing of zinc, copper and a statistically significant increasing of magnesium in blood serum and oral fluid, which aggravates the severity of the clinical course of the oral lichen planus.
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
Pathogenesis
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Saliva diagnostics have become increasingly popular due to their non-invasive nature and patient-friendly collection process. Various collection methods are available, yet these are not always well standardized for either quantitative or qualitative analysis. In line, the objective of this study was to evaluate if measured levels of various biomarkers in the saliva of healthy individuals were affected by three distinct saliva collection methods: 1) unstimulated saliva, 2) chew stimulated saliva, and 3) oral rinse. Saliva samples from 30 healthy individuals were obtained by the three collection methods. Then, the levels of various salivary biomarkers such as proteins and ions were determined. It was found that levels of various biomarkers obtained from unstimulated saliva were comparable to those in chew stimulated saliva. The levels of potassium, sodium, and amylase activity differed significantly among the three collection methods. Levels of all biomarkers measured using the oral rinse method significantly differed from those obtained from unstimulated and chew-stimulated saliva. In conclusion, both unstimulated and chew-stimulated saliva provided comparable levels for a diverse group of biomarkers. However, the results obtained from the oral rinse method significantly differed from those of unstimulated and chew-stimulated saliva, due to the diluted nature of the saliva extract.
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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa which is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a premalignant condition. One step in malignant development is so called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics. A factor known to induce EMT is the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which uses the Smad proteins as mediators for its signaling. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of Smad 3 in Oral Lichen Planus and normal oral mucosa. This descriptive analytic study was performed on 30 patients with OLP (21 women and 9 men with mean age of 45.23± 2.44 years) and 20 normal oral mucosa (14 women and 6 men with mean age of 46.95± 2.21 years). The samples were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed with paired T-test and Wilcoxon test by SPSS software. Expression of Smad3 in OLP samples and normal oral mucosa was different. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The apparently higher expression of Smad 3 in oral lichen planus compared to normal oral mucosa might help to discuss its higher potential for malignant transition.
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
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Objective : To establish the two-dimensional Gel electrophoresis profiles with high resolution and reproducibility from human oral lichen planus and paired normal oral mucosa tissues ,and identify the differential expression proteins. Method : The total proteins of oral lichen planus and paired normal oral mucosa tissues were separated by means of immobilized pH gradient-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).After AgNO3 staining,the differential expression proteins were ana1yzed by using ImageMaster image ana1ysis software. Result :(1)The well-resolved,reproducible 2-DE patterns of oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa tissues were obtained. The results showed that average spots were 1576±67, 1608±73 in oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa tissues respectively.(2) The 13 differential protein spots were identified by Image Master image analysis software. There were 7 protein spots in oral lichen planus were higher expression than that in normal oral mucosa. 6 protein spots in oral lichen planus were lower expression than that in normal oral mucosa. Conclusion : In this study, the well-resolved reproducible 2-DE patterns of oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa tissues were established and some differential proteins were characterized.These data will be further used to screen special biomarkers of oral lichen planus .
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral mucosa
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Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immunologic disease. The etiology of OLP is unknown, viral antigens (for example EBV) have been proposed as etiologic agents. OLP may get transformation to malignancy so research on the presence of these in OLP lesions seems to be necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate EBV expression immunohistochemically in OLP. Materials and Methods: Tissue specimens of 30 formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue Blocks histologically diagnosed oral lichen planus was performed to evaluate EBV expression. Results: Expression of EBV was detected in epithelium of (46.6%) in the study samples in (OLP). no statistically significant correlation was found with clinical parameters except for a significantly higher expression in females. Conclusions: Epstein Barr viruses were present in considerable amounts in oral lichen planus. Taking into account the potential of viruses in OLP proving or disapproving or etiological role of viruses in OLP is continuously need to be examined in further studies.
Oral Lichen Planus
Etiology
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