Variation in DNA Fingerprints Detected in Plants Regenerated from Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn.) Callus.
2
Citation
13
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
DNA fingerprints patterns were compared among regenerated plants from root- and leaf-derived calli of horseradish using digoxygenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes for Southern hybridization. Among the seven probes investigated, (GAA)5 produced the clearest banding patterns. Two out of 14 regenerated plants from leaf-derived calli and five out of 12 plants from rootderived calli exhibited clearly different patterns from their mother plants. Except for one, these variant plants in DNA fingerprints could not be distinguished morphologically from their mother plants. Thus, DNA finterprinting is considered a possible means for de-tecting somaclonal variation in horseradish.Keywords:
Somaclonal variation
Callus
The technology of plant tissue culture is recognized worldwide as a creative, promising and feasible option for propagation and genetic manipulation of plant, particularly those with special demands. The most popular application of tissue culture method is in the genetic transformation system. As a tool of genetic engineering of plant, plant regeneration using tissue culture system is taken a crucial part. Another important use of tissue culture system is propagation of plant, which is an alternative method to vegetative plant multiplication. While using conventional propagation methods, one cutting produces one plant. In sexual propagation, one seed produces one plant. In contrast, one explant (a piece of stem, leaf, bud, root, anther, etc.) can produce an infinity number of plants using tissue culture system within a relatively short period. Somaclonal variation can occur when plant regeneration and multiplication involves tissue culture, particularly when there is a callus phase. Today, somaclonal variation tends to be viewed as a source of undesirable variants that need to be screened out of breeding programmes that involve plant regeneration.
Somaclonal variation
Callus
Plant tissue culture
Plant propagation
Plant tissue
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract The in vitro tissue cultures are, beyond all difficulties, an essential tool in basic research as well as in commercial applications. Numerous works devoted to plant tissue cultures proved how important this part of the plant science is. Despite half a century of research on the issue of obtaining plants in in vitro cultures, many aspects remain unknown. The path associated with the reprogramming of explants in the fully functioning regenerants includes a series of processes that may result in the appearance of morphological, physiological, biochemical or, finally, genetic and epigenetic changes. All these changes occurring at the tissue culture stage and appearing in regenerants as tissue culture-induced variation and then inherited by generative progeny as somaclonal variation may be the result of oxidative stress, which works at the step of explant preparation, and in tissue culture as a result of nutrient components and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the current status of understanding the genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during tissue culture.
Somaclonal variation
Plant tissue culture
Reprogramming
Plant tissue
Cite
Citations (110)
Callus
Cite
Citations (6)
Callus
Organ culture
Cite
Citations (1)
Somaclonal variation
Callus
Protoplast
Plant tissue culture
Rice plant
Cite
Citations (5)
The occurrence of somaclonal (tissue culture-derived) variation in plants regenerated from tissue culture will influence the efficiency with which techniques such as genetic transformation can be used in the development of new barley cultivars. To assess the effect of somaclonal variation on malting quality, 12 families of tissue culture-derived lines from three barley cultivars were analyzed using standard micromalting techniques. Each family was derived from a single regenerated plant that, in turn, was derived from an immature embryo callus culture. Five to six plants from each family were selected in the R 2 generation based on phenotypic similarity to their uncultured parental controls, and advanced to the R 4 and R 5 generations for replicated field tests. The malting quality of the majority of these lines was altered by passage through tissue culture, and most alterations were undesirable. These results suggest that efforts should be made to delineate in vitro (tissue culture) conditions that are less mutagenic to cultured barley cells.
Somaclonal variation
Callus
Plant tissue culture
Cite
Citations (13)
Callus
Cite
Citations (14)
As discussed in Chapter 19 (“Genetic Engineering Technologies”), plant cell culture is an important technique for plant genetic improvement. Historically, and as implied throughout this book, plant cell culture has been viewed by most to be a method for rapid cloning. In essence, it was seen as a method of sophisticated asexual propagation, rather than a technique to add new variability to the existing population. For example, it was believed that all plants arising from such tissue culture were exact clones of the parent, such that terms like “calliclone,” “mericlone,” and “protoclone” were used to describe the regenerants from callus, meristems and protoplasts, respectively. Although phenotypic variants were observed among these regenerants, often they were considered artifacts of tissue culture. Such variation was thought to be due to “epigenetic” factors such as exposure to plant growth regulators (PGRs) and prolonged culture time. As more and more species were subjected to tissue culture, however, reports of variation among regenerants increased. In a historically significant review, Larkin and Scowcroft (1981) proposed the more general term “somaclones” for the regenerants coming out of tissue culture, irrespective of the explant used. Variation displayed by such regenerants from tissue culture would then be somaclonal variation. Tissue culture studies in the 1970s and early 1980s started to focus their attention on this type of variation, and it was soon recognized that somaclonal variation exists for almost all the phenotypic characters. To a plant scientist, somaclonal variation is perhaps the best route for studying somatic cell genetics. In contrast to the earlier view of “true to type” regeneration among plants derived from tissue culture, the frequency of genetic variation may actually be quite high. In some species, such as oil palm and banana, variation among tissue culture derived progenies is higher than one would expect to occur in vivo . In perennial crops that are asexually propagated, somaclonal variation offers an excellent opportunity to add new genotypes to the gene pool. In such cases it is important to understand and identify the causal mechanism behind the variations, so that we can effectively control them to our advantage.
Somaclonal variation
Callus
Plant tissue culture
Variation (astronomy)
Cite
Citations (12)
Plant callus cultures have the potential to advance phytoremediation science by allowing study of cellular phytometabolism in absence of sorption, translocation, microbial degradation, and other phytoremediation processes; however, studies demonstrating the applicability of results from callus cultures to whole plants are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasability and applicability of using callus cultures to study phytometabolism. This aim was accomplished through evaluation of induction and growth of Lemnaceae callus cultures and comparison of phytometabolism in callus cultures and whole plants. Four out of eight published methods for callus culture of Lemnaceae successfully induced callus cultures that exhibited doubling times of 1.7 to 23 wks. Callus cultures and whole plants of Landoltia punctata and Lemna minor metabolized 3-trifluoromethylphenol (3-TFMP) through conjugation with glucopyranoside, malonyl-glucopyranoside, and glucopyranosyl-apiofuranoside. However, concentrations of metabolites were approximately 10 times less in callus cultures than in plants. While results demonstrated applicability of callus cultures results to whole plants, the low success rate of callus induction procedures, length of time required to produce substantial callus mass, and the low accumulation of metabolites in callus cultures may limit the feasibility of callus cultures for assessing phytometabolism.
Callus
Cite
Citations (7)
Somaclonal variation
Inbred strain
Cite
Citations (37)