Soil Health: Can the Cane Industry Use a Bit of 'Black Magic'?
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Biochar is a high carbon product of pyrolysis. Essentially, any biomass can be pyrolysed - that is, heated in the absence of oxygen, but the quality of the biochar depends upon feedstock materials and pyrolysis conditions. Biochar has been shown to increase soil carbon and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Keywords:
Cane
Carbon fibers
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Ethiopia is the second largest flower exporter in Africa. However, finding effective solutions for flowers waste management that are economical, efficient and environmentally friendly is a very difficult task. In this paper, a novel technology to recover energy from flower waste with the objective of producing biochar from flower waste by using pyrolysis has been presented. The pyrolysis reactor has been designed, manufactured and tested. Characterization of the flower waste has also been done by estimating the ultimate and proximate analysis. Besides the energy content has been measured by using Bomb calorimeter. Detailed proximate analysis has been performed and the energy content of the biochar has also been measured. The result shows that 10 kg of biochar is produced by using 18 kg of flower waste with a conversion efficiency of 55.5% and approximately 310.8 kg of biochar can be generated daily. Based on the result, the measured value of lower heating value of the produced biochar is 26.54 MJ/kg and approximately 392.2 kg of firewood is replaced daily. Thus, by adopting this innovative technology and producing biochar, the amount of flower waste is reduced from going to the landfill, energy is recovered from flower waste, income is generated from the selling of the produced biochar and the energy problems of the society is solved and finally environmental impact of the flower waste is reduced.
Charcoal
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Using forestry and agricultural residues as material,carbon and hydrogen in the materials were ch anged into mixing combustible gases which contained hydrogen gas,methane,carbon monoxide through carbonization and pyrolysis.Meanwhile,charcoal,wood vinegar and wood tar were produced as byproducts.The popularization and application of this technology not only can meet the demand for the farmers cook gases,but also has further significance for the exploitation of renewable energy.
tar (computing)
Charcoal
Carbon fibers
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Wood and other biomass have the great potential of decreasing carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, or at least mitigating the speed of the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide.This paper presents an analysis of the possible use of degraded land -thermal power plant ash ponds -for the growth of fast-growing trees for fuel wood and the subsequent utilization of this fuel wood by means of a verified technique -co-combustion with coal, or a proposed technique -pyrolysis.Pyrolysis of wood with the combustion of pyrolysis gases and carbon sequestration would provide approximately 26% more favorable effects on climate change than the co-combustion of wood in a coal-fired boiler.
Carbon fibers
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This article focuses on the use of alternative renewable energy sources (waste and biomass) as a full replacement for traditional non-renewable resources. We focus on ways to increase the heating value of the raw materials by drying and pyrolysis, and the possibilities of influencing low heating value of fuels by using pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis generates heat and products, which may be used directly as fuel or after modification as additives for fuels. Pyrolysis is a suitable process for recovery of municipal, biological or contaminated waste. It contributes to a sustainable way of energy production and waste management. Moreover, the production in local conditions from local resources, increases land use, employment in the regions and energy self-sufficiency in the state. With combined production of fuels (pellets, briquettes) from biomass, wastes and pyrolysis products we expect to increase the heating value of well over 20 MJ.kg -1 .
Briquette
Heat of combustion
Renewable resource
Renewable Fuels
Torrefaction
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Amendment
Soil conditioner
Crop Residue
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In China,the production of straw,livestock,poultry manure and other biomass feedstock is very large. Biochar can be made by the pyrolysis of these large and extensive source biomass feedstock,and used for fuel alternative to fossil fuels. It also can be used as adsorbent and soil conditioner,which is very versatile. In this paper,biomass pyrolysis characteristics and preparation process of biochar are teased, analysed and researched from the types of materials,pyrolysis technology,process,as well as factors. Based on the findings,this paper illuminates that depth research should be done in aspects such as the characteristics of raw straw,straw pyrolysis characteristics,optimizing of straw pyrolysis process in different regions and making biochar by pyrolysis of livestock and poultry manure.
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The carbonization of biomass residuals to char has strong potential to become an environmentally sound conversion process for the production of a wide variety of products. In addition to its traditional use for the production of charcoal and other energy vectors, pyrolysis can produce products for environmental, catalytic, electronic and agricultural applications. As an alternative to dry pyrolysis, the wet pyrolysis process, also known as hydrothermal carbonization, opens up the field of potential feedstocks for char production to a range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues and municipal wastes. Its chemistry offers huge potential to influence product characteristics on demand, and produce designer carbon materials. Future uses of these hydrochars may range from innovative materials to soil amelioration, nutrient conservation via intelligent waste stream management and the increase of carbon stock in degraded soils.
Hydrothermal Carbonization
Charcoal
Carbon fibers
Renewable resource
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For the development of commercial biochar projects, reliable data on biochar production technologies is needed. For this purpose, peer-reviewed scientific articles on carbonization technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, and flash carbonization) have been analyzed. Valuable information is provided by papers on pyrolysis processes, less information is available on gasification processes, and few papers about hydrothermal and flash carbonization technologies were identified. A wide range of data on the costs of char production (between 51 US$ per tonne pyrolysis biochar from yard waste and 386 US$ per tonne retort charcoal) and on the GHG balance of biochar systems (between -1054 kg CO(2)e and +123 kg CO(2)e per t dry biomass feedstock) have been published. More data from pilot projects are needed to improve the evaluation of biochar production technologies. Additional research on the influence of biochar application on surface albedo, atmospheric soot concentration, and yield responses is necessary to assess the entire climate impact of biochar systems. Above all, further field trials on the ability of different technologies to produce chars for agricultural soils and carbon sequestration are essential for future technology evaluation.
Slash-and-char
Charcoal
Tonne
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Straw biomass is a clean and recyclable energy resource. It has a lot of advantages, such as low content of sulphur, nitrogen, low pollution and so on. At present, straw biomass has been researched and used at home and abroad, mainly in the production of diesel oil by cracking, the production of ethanol by hydrolysis, fuel methanol, the production of marsh gas by anaerobic digestion, solidify biological briquettes, electricity production from crop stalks and hydrogen production from biomass, etc. This aims of our article is the features of all technologies and the existing problems, which suggests the future researches that the skills of straw biomass should be strengthened, and makes a prediction at its application prospects.
Briquette
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Based on the co-firing significances of biomass with coal, this paper gives the pollution and economy evaluation of co-firing low-temperature pyrolyzed biomass with coal. This paper suggests that co-firing low-temperature pyrolyzed biomass (sawdust, rice hull and peanut shell) with coal will reduce the emission of greenhouse gas (such as CO 2 and CH 4), and else air pollution (such as NO x and SO 2). It also will reduce the release of heavy metal and other poisonous trace elements. At the same time, this paper documents that co-firing low-temperature pyrolyzed biomass with coal can, on one hand, reduce the operating cost by lowering the cost of transportation, storage, biomass handling, equipment retrofit and coal saving, on the other hand, increase the cost for production of the low-temperature pyrolyzed biomass and maintenance for the problems made by fouling and slagging. We can believe that the co-firing of biomass and coal will be one of the most important measures for energy sources sustainable development.
Cofiring
Sawdust
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