Productivity of fodder oat (Avena sativa) under different sowing times, fertility levels and cutting management in temperate environment
1
Citation
0
Reference
20
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
In Jammu and Kashmir there is acute shortage of fodder for livestock husbandry particularly during winter. To improve the productivity of animals availability of adequate quantity of nutritive fodder is a prerequisite. An experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2009–10 and 2011–12 at Srinagar on silty clay loam soil, to study the effect of different sowing times, fertility levels and cutting management on fodder production potential of oat (Avena sativa L.). The treatments consisted of 3 sowing dates, viz. 20 September, 30 September and 10 October; 3 fertility levels, viz. 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K, 125 kg N + 26.4 kg P + 24.9 kg K and 100 kg N + 22 kg P + 16.6 kg K/ha; and 2 cutting management, viz. single cut at 50% flowering and double cut on 15 December and 50% flowering stage. Highest green fodder (37.3 t/ha) and dry-fodder yield (10.2 t/ha) were recorded with 30 September sown crop, which was at par with crop sown on 20 September. Net returns ( 33,858/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.96) were higher with crop sown on 30 September. Application of 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha recorded significantly higher green fodder (36.2 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (10.2 t/ha). Net returns ( 32,990/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.83) also improved with this treatment. Among cutting management practices, double cut recorded significantly higher green and dry fodder yields than single-cut practice. Double-cut practice registered higher net returns ( 30,634/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.7).Keywords:
Fodder
Avena
Cite
A field experiment was conducted during 2006–2011 on sandy loam soil at Central Research Farm of Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi to find out the effect of weed control measures on forage productivity, quality, soil fertility status and economics of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)-based pasture intercropped with legumes. Intercropping of Stylosanthes seabrana B.L. Maass &’t Mannetje with Guinea grass produced significantly higher total green and dry forage yields (25.10 and 6.68 t/ha) than Clitoria ternatea vine (19.10 and 5.41 t/ha), Macroptillium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. (20.17 and 5.60 t/ha) and Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., (23.36 and 6.29 t/ha). Intercropping of Stylosanthes seabrana with Guinea grass also resulted in significantly higher total crude protein yield (582.0 kg/ha) as compared to Clitoria ternatea (457.7 kg/ha) and Macroptillium atropurpureum (474.9 kg/ha). In weed management practices, hand-weeding 35 days after sowing in first year and 25 days after onset of monsoon rain from second year onwards recorded significantly higher green forage, dry forage and crude protein yields of both Guinea grass (16.48 and 5.02 t/ha and 344.0 kg/ha) and legumes (9.05 and 2.0 t/ha and 271.8 kg/ha) than weedy check, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha and weeding with weeder cum mulcher. The highest net returns (13, 733/ha) and net returns/rupee invested (1.48) were obtained by intercropping of Guinea grass with Stylosanthes seabrana. Hand-weeding 35 days after sowing in first year and 25 days after onset of monsoon rain from second year onwards also recorded maximum net returns (12, 746/ha). Intercropping of Stylosanthes seabrana with Guinea grass resulted in significant improvement in organic carbon (0.48%) and available nitrogen (228 kg/ha) than Clitoria ternatea and Macroptillium atropurpureum. Available nitrogen (226.2 kg/ha), phosphorus (9.91 kg/ha) and potassium (195.8 kg/ha) were also significantly higher in hand weeded plots than weedy check (211.3, 9.05 and 179.1 kg/ha).
Panicum
Intercropping
Stylosanthes
Pendimethalin
Fodder
Clitoria ternatea
Cite
Citations (0)
In sub-temperate region of Indian Himalayas availability of green fodder is very inadequate during the winter due to prevalence of low temperature and limited irrigation. Dual-purpose wheat which can provide both fodder as well as grain is a suitable option under such situation. In the present investigation effect of sowing time and cutting schedules was studied to increase the green fodder availability during lean period (December- February). Green forage as well as dry matter yield was not affected significantly due to different time of sowing; however, cutting duration significantly affected the green and dry fodder yield of dual-purpose wheat. Late sowing of dual- purpose wheat (15 Nov) produced 20 and 18 per cent less green and dry fodder yield, respectively than 15 Oct sowing (4994 and 1059 Kg/ha). Yield attributing characters of dual-purpose wheat variety got affected significantly by the different dates of sowing. However, they did not differ significantly due to different cutting durations.
October 15 sowing produced 21 and 20 percent higher gain yield than November 15 sowing during 2001-02 (28.32 q/ha) and 2002-03 (3055 Kg/ha). Similarly, straw yield was 16 and 30 per cent higher than November 15 sowing during first year (7246 Kg/ha) and second year (6540 Kg/ha), respectively. To have more green fodder and grain yield the dual-purpose wheat should be sown by mid of October and cut can be taken between 70 to 90 DAS.
Fodder
Cite
Citations (1)
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 2011 and 2012 in Vertisols at Dharwad, Karnataka, to develop integrated weed management for hybrid sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with preemergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, post-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg/ha, 2, 4-D @0.5 kg/ha, metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g and 6 g/ha, intercultivation and hand-weeding. The maximum average grain yield (4.42 t/ha) was recorded with pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emergence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowing, which was at par with weed free treatment and increased the yield by 39.8% over weedy check and 6.5% over farmer's practice. The higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control efficiency and higher nutrient uptake by sorghum which reflected in higher values of grain weight/ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weight. In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices. Maximum net returns ( 29,530/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.43) were realized with atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowing.
Vertisol
Dry weight
Sweet sorghum
Cite
Citations (5)
An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2011–12 and 2012–13 at the Researc Farm, College of Agriculture Gwalior (M.P.). On the basis of two year pooled data results reveled that the variety Vardan gave significantly higher green fodder yield 56.4 t/ha and seed yield 711.70 kg/ha. over bundelkhand-3. As regards of nitrogen and phosphorus levels, the applicatiion of N 60 + P 60 kg/ha recorded maximum green fodder and seed yield.
Fodder
Non-invasive ventilation
Cite
Citations (0)
An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2008–09 to study the effect of date of sowing and nitrogen on the productivity and quality of fennel. The experiment consisting of 3 dates of sowing (15th September, 30th September and 15th October) and 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha−1) was laid in factorial randomize block design. Early sowing i.e., 15th September recorded significantly highest seed yield and yield attributes of fennel compared with late sown conditions. Similarly, application of 100 kg N/ha significantly increased the growth, yield attributes and yield of fennel compared with lower nitrogen levels. Sowing on 15th September + 100 kg N/ha (D1N4) resulted in the maximum net profit of Rs. 86,369 ha−1 with a B:C ratio of 7.14:1.
Cite
Citations (4)
In the first decade of the new millennium, the declining trends in the yield growth rate in wheat and rice raised serious concerns to increase the productivity and consequently several crop developmental programmes were implemented giving more emphasis to increase varietal and seed replacement rates of newly released varieties. In the present study, attempts have been made to analyse the impact of these schemes through the increase in productivity of cereals (rice and wheat) and coarse cereals (maize, pearl millet and sorghum) during period II (2007–2008 to 2012–2013) over period I (2001–2002 to 2006–2007) by comparing the mean yield through paired t-test. For cereal crops, at national level, during period II the significant average yield gains of 297 kg/ha (wheat) and 242 kg/ha (rice) have been recorded. At state level, in rice significant average yield gains were recorded in Gujarat (249 kg/ha) and Assam (287 kg/ha) and significant yield increase of 246 kg/ha during kharif season was observed during the same period. The significant gains in average yield of wheat are recorded in Haryana (465 kg/ha), Gujarat (415 kg/ha), West Bengal (494 kg/ha), Bihar (315 kg/ha), Uttarakhand (309 kg/ha) and Maharashtra (275 kg/ha) over period I. Overall, significant yield gain has been recorded in kharif season cereals by 266 kg/ha and highly significant yield gain during rabi season by 356 kg/ha. In case of coarse cereals, the significant gains in average yield at national level were recorded in maize (477 kg/ha) and sorghum (141 kg/ha). The remarkable average yield gains during period II were recorded in maize in Tamil Nadu (2432 kg/ha), Andhra Pradesh (1227 kg/ha), West Bengal (1195 kg/ha) and Punjab (876 kg/ha). In pearl millet, in Haryana (489 kg/ha), Uttar Pradesh (351 kg/ha) and Madhya Pradesh (337 kg/ha), while in sorghum significant yield gains have been found during same period in Karnataka (338 kg/ha), Madhya Pradesh (354 kg/ha) and Andhra Pradesh (293 kg/ha) average yield gains recorded during period II. Also, significant yield gain has been found in finger millet (224 kg/ha), small millet (94 kg/ha) and barley (288 kg/ha). The significant productivity gains during rabi (579 kg/ha), kharif (267 kg/ha) and overall 336 kg/ha were found among all coarse cereals. In rice, during both periods and in sorghum during period I the negative significant association was found between average yield and variability in yield. Difference in the variability in yield among all crops studied during both periods was found to be non-significant. The share of climate resilient varieties in indented BS increased from 13.75% in 2014 to >20% in 2015 in rice and in wheat it has been ∼20% during 2014–2015 and 2015–2016.
Kharif crop
Cite
Citations (2)
A field experiment was conducted at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Dist: Rajkot, Gujarat) during kharif seasons of 2009–2012 to determine the effect of seed rate (three levels: 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha and fertilizer levels (three: 60: 30, 80: 40 and 100: 50NP kg/ha) fertilizer dose for getting maximum fodder yield of sorghum CSV 21F. Increase in seed rate significantly decreased the number of leaves per plant, length of leaves and leaves breadth. Green and dry fodder yield increased significantly with an increase in seed rate (40 to 60 kg/ha). Plant height, number of leaves per plant, length and breadth of the leaves as well as green and dry fodder yield recorded a marked increase with increase in fertilizer levels from 60: 30, 80: 40 and 100: 50 NP kg/ha. Higher values of crude protein and fiber contents in the fodder of sorghum were recorded with lower seed rate and also with NP fertilizers at the rate of 100: 50 kg/ha. Application of NP fertilizer significantly enhanced the status of available N, P2O5 and K2O in the soil at harvest of crops. The results revealed that a seed rate of 40 kg/ha and application of 100: 50 NP kg/ha may be used for realizing palatable and higher yield of kharif fodder sorghum.
Sweet sorghum
Non-invasive ventilation
Cite
Citations (2)
Field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2011–12 and 2012–13 to find out most suitable weed management practices in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L). Cichorium intybus, Medicago denticulata, Medicago hispida and Cornopus didymus were predominant weeds in berseem. The pre emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.100 kg a.i./ha + imazethapyr @ 0.15 kg a.i./ha recorded significantly lowest total weed intensity (6.17/m2) and dry weight (5.92 g/m2) of weeds as compared to other treatments. It also recorded higher weed control efficiency (72.31%). The same treatment also recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (632.9 q/ha), dry fodder yield (95.6q/ha), crude protein yield (14.878), net monetary returns (Rs. 84163) and benefit: cost ratio (2.98) as compared to other treatments after the weed free treatment.
Fodder
Trifolium alexandrinum
Cite
Citations (17)
The result of two-year experiment conducted to find out the influence of sowing dates, fertility levels and cutting management on the yield and quality of oats revealed that September 30 sowing recorded an increase in green fodder yield by 41.97 and 43.56% and dry matter yield by 23.15 and 22.51% over October 10 sowing during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. Crude protein was highest in October 10 sown crop, whereas crude fibre was highest in September 20 sown crop. The fertility level 150 : 70 : 40 N : P2O5 : K2O kg/ha increased the green fodder yield by 5.63 and 16.91% during 2009-10 and 6.25 and 22.48% in 2010-11 and dry matter yield by 5.63 and 13.70% in 2009-10 and 5.51 and 18.60% in 2010-11 over 125 : 60 : 30 and 100 : 50 : 20 N : P2O5 : K2O kg/ha, respectively. Crude protein content increased, while crude fibre content decreased with increase in fertility level. Double cut crop recorded 14.75 and 16.24% increase in green fodder yield and 3.70 and 1.36% in dry matter yield over single cut crop during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. Crude protein content was higher and crude fibre content was lower in double cut compared to single cut crop.
Fodder
Avena
Cite
Citations (0)
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2002–03 and 2003–04 to find out the effective and economical weed-control measure in fodder oats (Avena sativa L.). The different weed-control treatments significantly controlled the weed flora and recorded 69.2 to 97.6% weed-control efficiency (WCE) at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and 59.3 to 98.0 per cent at 50% flowering stage. However, post-emergence application of 2,4-D proved phytotoxic by stunting the crop growth and narrowing the leaf area. Among weed-control treatments, weed-free treatment proved superior and produced highest fodder yields (GFY 42.9 t/ha DFY 11.05 t/ha), followed by post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl @ 0.008 kg/ha + 1 hand-weeding. Economical analysis showed that application of metsulfuron methyl @ 0.008 kg/ha gave the maximum net returns (Rs 14,647) and benefit: cost ratio (1.79), followed by metsulfuron methyl 0.012 kg/ha+1 hand-weeding. Computation of energy relationship revealed that weed-free treatment was more energy efficient, recording highest energy ratio (9.46) and energy productivity (525.7 g/MJ), followed by post-emergence application of metsulfuron methyl @ 0.012 kg/ha (9.42 and 523.3 g/MJ).
Avena
Fodder
Cite
Citations (2)