Effect of different varieties and nitrogen, phosphorus levels on fodder and seed yield of berseem
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An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2011–12 and 2012–13 at the Researc Farm, College of Agriculture Gwalior (M.P.). On the basis of two year pooled data results reveled that the variety Vardan gave significantly higher green fodder yield 56.4 t/ha and seed yield 711.70 kg/ha. over bundelkhand-3. As regards of nitrogen and phosphorus levels, the applicatiion of N 60 + P 60 kg/ha recorded maximum green fodder and seed yield.Keywords:
Fodder
Non-invasive ventilation
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In Jammu and Kashmir there is acute shortage of fodder for livestock husbandry particularly during winter. To improve the productivity of animals availability of adequate quantity of nutritive fodder is a prerequisite. An experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2009–10 and 2011–12 at Srinagar on silty clay loam soil, to study the effect of different sowing times, fertility levels and cutting management on fodder production potential of oat (Avena sativa L.). The treatments consisted of 3 sowing dates, viz. 20 September, 30 September and 10 October; 3 fertility levels, viz. 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K, 125 kg N + 26.4 kg P + 24.9 kg K and 100 kg N + 22 kg P + 16.6 kg K/ha; and 2 cutting management, viz. single cut at 50% flowering and double cut on 15 December and 50% flowering stage. Highest green fodder (37.3 t/ha) and dry-fodder yield (10.2 t/ha) were recorded with 30 September sown crop, which was at par with crop sown on 20 September. Net returns ( 33,858/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.96) were higher with crop sown on 30 September. Application of 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha recorded significantly higher green fodder (36.2 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (10.2 t/ha). Net returns ( 32,990/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.83) also improved with this treatment. Among cutting management practices, double cut recorded significantly higher green and dry fodder yields than single-cut practice. Double-cut practice registered higher net returns ( 30,634/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.7).
Fodder
Avena
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Berseem was cultivated in winter followed by sorghum sudan during summer in small plots (8m x 5m) with four replications each under recommended level of inputs. Average production (q/ha) of green fodder, DM, TDN and CP was 1040, 139, 78 and 27, respectively. Average cost of production (Rs/q) of green fodder, DM, TDN and CP were 12.12, 90.70, 165.88 and 466.93, respectively.
Fodder
West bengal
Non-invasive ventilation
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Two dual purpose wheat varieties (VL 829 and VL 616) and a conventional wheat variety PB W 343 were grown with 3 levels of N (120,150 and 180 kg/ha) and harvested after 60 days of sowing and thereafter allowed to grow for grain. The yield of fodder, gain and straw as well as number of tillers/m row, ear length and weight of 1000 seeds from these varieties were compared with the respective values of varieties not harvested for fodder (control, given 120 kg N/ha) under similar agronomic practices. The experiment was conducted for one year. Fodder yield from VL 829, VL 616 and PBW 343 varieties was 120.2, 134.2 and 131.8 quintals/ha, respectively. Grain yield was higher from all the varieties after harvesting the fodder than that for without harvesting for fodder, however, level of N application did not affect grain yield among all varieties. Grain yield was highest from variety PBW 343, irrespective of harvesting for fodder, than other dual purpose varieties. Grain; straw ratio of dual purpose varieties was similar (1:2) but higher than from PBW 343. CP content of wheat fodder varied in the range of 32 to 35% on DM basis, which decreased on delaying the harvesting the crop for fodder. A feeding trial, on crossbred calves showed that the DM intake and nutrient digestibility from wheat fodder was similar to that of oat fodder having similar maturity. However digestibility of EE and NFE efficiency of N utilization and N balance were higher (P<0.01) for wheat fodder than for oat fodder. Feeding wheat fodder ad lib. did not exhibit any health problem in calves. DCP and TDN value of wheat fodder was 18.45 and 69.58% respectively It was concluded that harvesting the fodder from wheat variety PBW 343 and other varieties after 60 days of sowing did not affect the grain and straw yields and the nutritive value of wheat fodder was similar to that of good quality concentrate mixture.
Fodder
Dual purpose
Non-invasive ventilation
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A field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm of ICAR RC for NEH Region, Jharnapani in summer seasons of 2010 and 2011 to assess the effect of sowing time, seed rates and integrated nutrition on yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake, quality and soil health of mungbean. Results revealed that yield attributes, yield, N, P and K uptake of mungbean was recorded significantly higher in 5th April than April 15th sown crop. However, yield attributes, yield, N, P and K uptake of mungbean was noted markedly higher with seed rate of 35 kg/ha, which was significantly superior to 20, 25 and 30 kg/ha. Similarly, application of 50% RDF+50% RDN+PSB produced significantly higher yield attributes, yield, N, P, K uptake by mungbean.
Nutrient Management
Non-invasive ventilation
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A field experiment was conducted during kharif 1996 on loamy sand soil to study the response of sulphur, phosphorus and Rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield of cluster bean. Application of 80 kg S ha−1 significantly increased the seed yield by 31.8 and 10.7 per cent over control and 40 kg S ha−1, respectively. Application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 also significantly increased the seed yield by 27.3 and 11.9 per cent over control and 30 kg P2O5 ha−1, respectively. Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the seed yield compared to control plot.
Cyamopsis
Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
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A Held experiment was conducted at the J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur during Kharif 1985–86 and 1986–87 to study the influence of different weed control methods, nitrogen and phosphorus levels on soybean. Significantly lower density and biomass of all the weeds, as well as higher weed control efficiency, higher crop shoot biomass and higher seed yield were observed under two hand weeding, oxidiazon 1.0 kg/ha, fluchloralin 1.0 kg/ha and metribuzin 0.5 kg/ha. The higher fertility levels (30 kg N + 80 kg P2O5/ha) resulted in improved yield attributes, crop shoot biomass and seed yield/ha as compared to medium and lower fertility levsls. Higher fertility level [(30 N-80]kg P2O5/ha)] with oxadiazon 1.0 Vg/ha or two hand weedings (30 and 45 das) or mstribuzin 0.5 kg/ha or fluchioralin 1.0 kg/ha proved economically better than rest of the treatments.
Kharif crop
Metribuzin
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A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at College of Agriculture, Research farm, Gwalior (M.P.) to find ‘Effect of mulching, varieties and nutrient management on yield attributes, yield and economics of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)’. On the basis of two years pooled data, the application of mulching, plastic mulch gave significantly higher yield(1974.79 Kg/ha), net return (Rs.77741.58/ha) and BC ratio (4.51) over weed biomass and no mulch. The Variety HG 563 was found significantly highest seed yield (1900.46 Kg/ha), net return (Rs.78413.03/ha) and BC ratio(4.7). Amongst fertility levels, 75% RDF with 5 t/ha vermicompost gave significantly higher seed yield (2242.89 Kg/ha), net return (90411.24) and BC ratio (5.16) than other fertility levels.
Kharif crop
Cyamopsis
Non-invasive ventilation
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A field experiment was conducted at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Dist: Rajkot, Gujarat) during kharif seasons of 2009–2012 to determine the effect of seed rate (three levels: 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha and fertilizer levels (three: 60: 30, 80: 40 and 100: 50NP kg/ha) fertilizer dose for getting maximum fodder yield of sorghum CSV 21F. Increase in seed rate significantly decreased the number of leaves per plant, length of leaves and leaves breadth. Green and dry fodder yield increased significantly with an increase in seed rate (40 to 60 kg/ha). Plant height, number of leaves per plant, length and breadth of the leaves as well as green and dry fodder yield recorded a marked increase with increase in fertilizer levels from 60: 30, 80: 40 and 100: 50 NP kg/ha. Higher values of crude protein and fiber contents in the fodder of sorghum were recorded with lower seed rate and also with NP fertilizers at the rate of 100: 50 kg/ha. Application of NP fertilizer significantly enhanced the status of available N, P2O5 and K2O in the soil at harvest of crops. The results revealed that a seed rate of 40 kg/ha and application of 100: 50 NP kg/ha may be used for realizing palatable and higher yield of kharif fodder sorghum.
Sweet sorghum
Non-invasive ventilation
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Field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2011–12 and 2012–13 to find out most suitable weed management practices in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L). Cichorium intybus, Medicago denticulata, Medicago hispida and Cornopus didymus were predominant weeds in berseem. The pre emergence application of oxyfluorfen @ 0.100 kg a.i./ha + imazethapyr @ 0.15 kg a.i./ha recorded significantly lowest total weed intensity (6.17/m2) and dry weight (5.92 g/m2) of weeds as compared to other treatments. It also recorded higher weed control efficiency (72.31%). The same treatment also recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (632.9 q/ha), dry fodder yield (95.6q/ha), crude protein yield (14.878), net monetary returns (Rs. 84163) and benefit: cost ratio (2.98) as compared to other treatments after the weed free treatment.
Fodder
Trifolium alexandrinum
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A research experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2011 at college of Agriculture, farm Gwalior (M.P.) under AICRP on Arid Legumes. On the basis of data the variety H.G.S. 3–52 gave significantly higher seed yield (3271 kg/ha), net return (Rs. 153374/ha) and B. C. ratio (11.76) as compared to other varieties, but variety RGR 11-1 and CAZG 11-2 were at par with regard to yield variety R.G.R. 11-3 gave lowest seed yield (1805 kg/ha).
Kharif crop
Non-invasive ventilation
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