Air explosion characteristics of a novel TiH2/RDX composite explosive
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Keywords:
Overpressure
Titanium hydride
Particle (ecology)
Explosives are energy materials used for a variety of purposes. Knowledge of the particular characteristics of commercial explosives and their correlation makes it possible to determine the scope of use. The curvature of the detonation front of a nonideal detonation explosive is one of the parameters that determines the degree of nonideality of the detonation process. Its size also determines the critical diameter of the explosive and affects the detonation velocity and detonation pressure. The curvature of the detonation front of a nonideal detonation explosive can be measured and calculated using models and formulas. The paper gives an overview of methods for measuring the curvature of the detonation front of nonideal detonation explosives, ie mathematical calculation models.
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Abstract The explosives with various molecular‐atomic structures substantially differ by their detonation velocities and brisance but often are similar by the expansion of their detonation products (DP's) which mainly consist of the same molecules. Such explosives referred to as “usual” show the relationship between ϱD and brisance determined by different methods. There are linear correlation relations between the results obtained. This relationship is not observed with the “unusual” explosives which differ from the “usual” ones by the chemistry of detonation processes. These explosives include liquid explosives, explosive‐oxidants. CNO‐ and HNO‐explosives and also CHNOF‐explosives. Their calculation of thc detonation parameters and brisance from the same criterions which characterize the chemical composition of the explosives and the detonation products, results in some errors. Taking these differences into account it is possible in some cases markedly to increase the accuracy of the detonation parameters. As an example is the calculation of the detonation pressure to within 3% based on the linear correlation relation between the pressure (P J ) and the relative detonation impulse (I rel ) which characterizes the charge ability to do work at the initial stages of thc expansion of the detonation products: The relative impulse, in its turn, may be calculated both for “usual” and “unusual” explosives from the atomic composition of an explosive, its density and the enthalpy of the formation with the error that does not exceed the experimental (2%).
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On detonation, a solid explosive undergoes extremely rapid chemical change with the liberation of a large amount of energy. The rate at which this energy is liberated is governed chiefly by the rate at which the explosive detonates. It is known, however, that the rate of detonation varies with the conditions under which the explosive is fired and is, therefore, presumably dependent on the rate at which the energy liberated on detonation is used up in doing work. It appears, therefore, that the behaviour of, and the results to be obtained from, a detonating explosive under given conditions are intimately connected with its rate of detonation under those conditions are intimately connected with its rate of detonation under those conditions, and that an exact knowledge of the latter is of considerable importance in the study of detonating explosives and their power. The rate of detonation of a solid explosive is usually measured either by the method devised by Mettegang,* or by that due to Dautriche. The former is generally used for lengths of about a metre of explosive. The latter is capable of being used for shorter lengths, but is not an absolute method, as it is dependent on a preliminary determination of the rate of detonation of T. N. T. fuse by the Mettegang method.
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Abstract It was shown by Kamlet and Jacobs that an explosive's detonation velocity D and detonation pressure P D are governed largely by (a) the loading density of the explosive, and (b) a factor φ that depends upon the number and masses of gaseous detonation products and the accompanying heat release. For a series of different explosives, we show that the density and φ are both important in determining D and P D . For a given explosive, however, φ is approximately constant and so D and P D correlate quite well with the density, as has long been known. We propose that φ be interpreted as a measure of the intrinsic detonation potential of an explosive, that is independent of the external factors that affect the loading density. Comparison of φ values for different explosives can provide useful insights into features that promote high detonation velocities and detonation pressures. The parameter φ is related to a property introduced earlier, explosive power, but φ takes into account the fact that part of the carbon content of an explosive typically remains as a residue after the detonation process.
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The speed of strong detonation and its driving abilities in multiple stage explosive/flyer system have been studied by both analysis and experiments.The wedge test method is employed to record the detonation front ,s track for both TNT/RDX(40/60) and JO 9159 explosives.The abilities of strongly detonating explosive slab in driving metallic flyers to high speed are shown in our calculation model.Calculated results agree with experimental results.The performances of strong detonation are illustrated.
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On the common circumstances the detonation of explosives has a steady propagation rate and can be satisfactorily explained by Chapman-Jouguet's theory on this phenomenon. Hence, this type of detonation is more frequently called the Chapman- Jouguet (C-J) detonation. The detonation properties such as pressure, density, and temperature, of the detonation products are often characterized as the C-J values of the explosive that represent the corresponding maximums of the variables in the detonation products. However, when an explosive is initiated in some special ways, for instance, high velocity impact of a flyer plate, a strong detonation with properties higher than C-J values will be induced in the explosive. This strong detonation is what we called the overdriven detonation of explosive. The use of overdriven detonation expects to provide much more work to the surrounding matter than does the common C-J detonation. In order to have a basic knowledge of this detonation phenomenon, we designate an experimental set- up for the purpose of acquiring the overdriven detonation in high explosive. The set-up uses a circular metal plate accelerated by a piece of cylinder explosive (donor) to impact another cylinder explosive (acceptor), inducing a detonation wave in the acceptor explosive. The donor explosive used is PBX (85%wt HMX and 15%wt binder) explosive cylinder that has the detonation velocity of 7.84 km/s and the detonation pressure of 25.24 GPa and the acceptor explosive cylinder is SEP (65%wt PETN and 35%wt paraffin) with the detonation velocity of 6.97 km/s and the detonation pressure of 15.9 GPa. The impactor is the copper disc with the same diameter of the donor explosive and 1 mm and 2 mm thicknesses respectively. The detonations occurred in the acceptor explosive from the impact of copper flyer were recorded by the high-speed camera (IMACON 790). The photographs make us possible to estimate the detonation velocities from the distance and time data on them. In addition, we also make a numerical visualization on this phenomenon using a 2-D Lagrangian hydrodynamic code. The calculation, to somewhat extent, reproduces the consequences of the current experimental results.
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The shocking-to-detonation transition(SDT) of insensitive high explosives(IHE) including LX-17 and ultrafine TATB was studied by using Hybrid reaction rate model and modified JWL equation of state(EOS),and phenomena of colliding diverging detonation was numerically simulated.The calculated shocking-to-detonation transition(SDT) of insensitive high explosives is in agreement with the experimental result,and the calculated peak pressure in colliding diverging detonation increases 10%.
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Detonation propagation behavior of thin film explosives was studied. Experimental data of critical width and thickness of detonation propagation, corner turning effect, and detonation velocity of thin film explosives show that thin film explosives have met requirements of explosive network.
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The requirement of detonation velocitye、explosion pressure and explosion heat is different depends on the use of explosives.Accurate,fast calculation of explosive detonation parameters specified performance to design new explosives and explosives application research has the extremely vital significance.The paper calculates aluminized explosive detonation parameters using different methods,using aluminized explosive experience formula calculate detonation velocitye、ω-Г formula calculate explosion pressure、Hess Law calculate explosion heat,compared with others,the relative error is small.
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Abstract A new explosive ink based on 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) was designed and prepared. The explosive ink was deposited into micro‐size grooves by using direct ink writing (DIW) technology and its detonation properties in an explosive network were explored. The properties of impact sensitivity, detonation velocity and critical size of detonation were determined and analyzed. The results show that this explosive has a good impact safety. When the LLM‐105 content is 88 % and the density is 95 % TMD, the detonation velocity and critical size of detonation values are 7,771 m/s and 0.5×0.5 mm respectively. Moreover detonation velocity results indicated the explosive ink in micro‐size grooves loaded by DIW was uniform.
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