Evaluation of the effects of subgingival injection of Simvastatin on space re-opening after orthodontic space closure in adults
Arezoo JahanbinMostafa AbtahiParastoo NamdarFarzin HeraviFatemeh SadeghiHamidreza ArabHooman Shafaee
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Background.This clinical trial evaluated the effect of Simvastatin on space re-opening after orthodontic space closure and its effect on the gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).Methods.16 females, 25-40 years old, with spaces between anterior mandibular teeth due to chronic periodontitis were participated in this study.The patients were randomly divided into control and experimental groups.In the experimental group, 1.2% Simvastatin gel and in the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride as a placebo was injected into the pocket depth of the six anterior teeth.The amount of space reopening, GI and CAL were measured. Results.No serious complications were observed during interventions and follow-up periods.Space re-opening was significantly reduced in patients receiving Simvastatin (P < 0.001).Moreover, GI reduction was significantly greater in Simvastatin group compared to the control group (P < 0.001).However, CAL did not demonstrate a significant difference between the groups. Conclusion.Simvastatin may decrease space re-opening after orthodontic space closure in human anterior teeth.Keywords:
Anterior teeth
Objective:To observe the curative effect of one-off root canal treatment for chronic front teeth apical periodontitis with fistula.Methods:131 front teeth from 115 cases with chronic apical periodontitis with fistula were randomly divided into two groups.Group A was the one-off root canal therapeutic that involved 72 teeth in 63 cases.Group B was the traditional many-time canal therapeutic as control group the involved 59 teeth in 52 cases.Two years later,these lesion teeth were performed examination and the cure effects between the two groups were compared.All data were managed statistically.Results:The long-term rates of cure were 93.06%(67/72 teeth) in Group A and 94.92%(56/59)in Group B(p0.05).There were no significant difference in the cure effects between the two groups.Conclusions:One-off root canal therapeutic method not only has the same effect as the traditional method,but also has the advantage of saving time and expenses.Therefore,this method should be superior to the traditional method for treatment of chronic front teeth apical periodontitis with fistula.
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Anterior teeth
Periapical periodontitis
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Abstract Dental caries and chronic periodontitis may be synergistically associated, negatively associated, or completely independent. The present report examines this relationship by comparing the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis and caries within the same individual. From an 800‐paticnl sample, a periodontitis risk score was derived by radiographic assessment of bone loss in quarters of optimum bone height and obtaining for each subject a mean score based on all measurable surfaces. Similarly the caries risk was determined radiographically from the total decayed and filled teeth (OFT), as a percentage of the total teeth measured. The Mantel Haenszel technique was used for analysis of the relationship between periodontitis and caries and data was stratified on four categories of age, sex, and numbers of teeth present. This analysis revealed no systematic patterns, indicating that the risks of caries and periodontal diseases are unrelated (χ 2 =0.00; 1 df; P > 0.50). In addition, a regression analysis, which was controlled for sex and age, indicated a marked lack of association between caries and periodontitis ( P = 0.94). Thus, although these common diseases share putative etiologic factors such as oral hygiene practices and dental attendance pattern, the major risk factors are probably quite different.
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Cross-sectional study
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Introduction: Management of periodontitis related oral malodor may include simple measures such as scaling and root planning (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. Aim: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-surgical management of periodontitis on controlling halitosis (oral malodor) measured by Halimeter. Methodology: Clinical data were recorded from 60 participants who were grouped as periodontitis (case), non-surgically treated periodontitis and healthy (control). Volatile sulfur compounds were measured in parts per billion (ppb) as a caliber for halitosis for each group using a Halimeter. Data were statistically analyzed utilizing the Chi-square distribution test (P<0.05). Results: In the average, case group showed strong halitosis 230.00±54.29 ppb that was reduced to weak halitosis 124.25±26.43 ppb following non-surgical (SRP) management of chronic periodontitis, with the deeper pockets, increased halitosis was measured as mean halitosis of periodontitis and treated cases 188.90±14.22 ppb and 114.70±20.75 ppb, 240.25±58.08 ppb and 128.25±39.31 ppb and 294.33±19.64 ppb and 137.50±23.36 ppb, respectively, in 5-6, 6.1-7 and 7.1-8 mm groups respectively. Conclusion: Based on study results, halitosis is directly related to periodontitis and periodontal pocket depth among the adults, which can be successfully controlled by SRP.
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BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in bone resorption creating bony defects, which may cause tooth loss. AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 1.2% Simvastatin gel as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy to treat chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIALS AND METHOD: 25 patients with 50 sites were categorized into two treatment groups: Scaling and Root Planing plus 1.2% Simvastatin, and Scaling and Root Planing with placebo. Clinical parameters; site-specific plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), pocket probing depth (PD), and relative attachment level (RAL) were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. RESULTS: Mean PD reduction and mean RAL gain was found to be greater in Simvastatin group than the placebo group, at 3, 6, and 9 months. CONCLUSION: Locally delivered Simvastatin was found to be effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP).
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The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and visfatin and simvastatin usage, in the gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) of diabetic patients afflicted with chronic periodontitis.Eighty outpatients at the Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University Dental Hospital (King Abdulaziz University), were categorized into 4 groups (20 patients per group), on the basis of radiological evaluation of bone loss, clinical attachment levels (CAL), probing depth (PD), and gingival indices: group 1 (healthy periodontium), group 2 (chronic periodontitis + type 2 diabetes), group 3 (chronic periodontitis), and group 4 (type 2 diabetes + chronic periodontitis + simvastatin). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin levels.Significantly elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin were seen in group 2 in comparison to groups 1 and 3. Reduced levels were seen in group 4 due to simvastatin usage. Positive association was seen between periodontal variables and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and visfatin.Periodontal destruction and diabetes have a synergistic effect on the elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels. Simvastatin may be beneficial in improving periodontal health among diabetic patients.
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Objective To observe the long-term clinical effect of molars with chronic apical periodontitis treated by empty root canal medication.Methods Two hundred thirty-eight molars with chronic apical periodontitis were treated by empty root canal medication.Results Five years after operation,213 molars were successfully treated and the success rate was 89.49%.Conclusion Empty root canal medication is a feasible and effective method for the treatment of molars with chronic apical periodontitis.
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Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in bone resorption creating bony defects, which may cause tooth loss. Various drugs have been studied using local delivery to improve the periodontal health and to achieve periodontal regeneration. Simvastatin (SMV) is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SMV, 1.2 mg, in an indigenously prepared biodegradable controlled‐release gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Sixty patients were categorized into two treatment groups: SRP plus placebo (group 1) and SRP plus SMV, 1.2 mg (group 2). Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline before SRP and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months; they included modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). At baseline and after 6 months, radiologic assessment of intrabony defect (IBD) fill was done using computer‐aided software. The mean concentration of SMV in gingival crevicular fluid was estimated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results: All subjects tolerated the drug, without any postapplication inflammation. Both therapies resulted in significant improvements. The decrease in mSBI score at 6 months was greater in group 2 (2.3267 ± 0.8017) compared to group 1 (0.5033 ± 0.6815). The mean decrease in PD from baseline to 6 months was 1.20 ± 1.24 mm and 4.26 ± 1.59 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Mean CAL gain from baseline to 6 months was 1.63 ± 1.99 mm and 4.36 ± 1.92 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In group 2, there was greater decrease in mean IBD (1.41 ± 0.74 mm or 32.54%) compared to group 1 (0.09 ± 0.58 mm or 2.16%). Conclusion: There was a greater decrease in gingival index and PD and more CAL gain with significant IBD fill at sites treated with SRP plus locally delivered SMV in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Clinical attachment loss
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Various materials and methods are nowadays used as complementary therapies for leveling the root surface for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin mouthwash on the level of interleukin-6 as an inflammatory cytokine that is supposed to be effective in the development of chronic periodontitis. The present randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Initially, scaling and leveling the root surfaces were conducted for all patients and necessary training was presented; subjects in the intervention group, in addition to scaling, received 1.2simvastatin mouthwash. The level of interleukin-6 was measured before and one month after intervention, and data was analyzed by SPSS using paired t-test and covariance analysis. After treatment, there turned out to be a significant decrease in the level of interleukin-6 in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0.05). The findings of the present study showed an increase in the clinical efficacy of treatment of chronic periodontitis with oral administration of 1.2 mg simvastatin as complementary therapy with scaling and leveling of the root surface. © 2019, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.
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