Relationships of physical activity and sedentary time in obese parent-child dyads: a cross-sectional study
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Research suggests physical activity is linked to obesity. Further, the physical activity of healthy parents and their children is associated with each other. However, this relationship has not been examined in obese parents and their obese children. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity and sedentary time of obese, low-income, ethnic minority parents and their children on weekdays and weekend days using accelerometry. Data were obtained from eight rural sites in the middle and eastern part of North Carolina (N.C.), United States (U.S.) from 2007-2010 using a rolling enrollment. One hundred and ninety-nine obese parents (94 % female) and their obese children (54 % female) wore accelerometers simultaneously for three weekdays and one weekend day. Total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time and proportions were determined. Parents' and children's total physical activity and MVPA levels were lower on weekend days than weekdays. Total counts per minute for children on weekdays and weekend days were greater than for parents (p < 0.001). Total counts per minute were more highly correlated on weekend days than weekdays (r = 0.352, p < 0.0002 versus r = 0.165, p < 0.025). Parents' performed MVPA for 14 (SD = ±25) and 9 (SD = ±16) minutes/day on weekdays and weekend days, respectively; children performed MVPA for 37 (SD = ±25) and 31(SD = ±38) minutes/day for weekdays and weekend days, respectively. Correlations between parents and children for MVPA were higher on weekend days versus weekdays (r = 0.253 and 0.177, respectively; p < 0.015). Associations for sedentary time followed a similar trend, with r = 0.33 (p < 0.0002) for weekend days and r = 0.016 (p < 0.026) for weekdays. Associations between obese parent-child dyads on sedentary time were stronger for girls, while associations between dyads on MVPA were stronger for boys. However, formal interaction analyses were not significant (p > 0.13). Since physical activity levels of obese parents and their obese child are somewhat related, especially on weekend days, combined parent-child obesity programs focused on reducing sedentary time could be beneficial, particularly for the child. In conclusion, this study of the physical activity levels of obese parents and their obese children found some relationships between the parents' and children's physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns, especially on weekend days. NCT01378806 .Keywords:
Sedentary Behavior
Biostatistics
Weekend effect
Screen Time
Cross-sectional study
In recent years, portable screen-based devices such as internet-connected cellular telephones (i.e., smartphones) and portable tablet computers (i.e., tablets) have increased in availability. Prior research has indicated that the use of such devices may be associated with sedentary behavior and physical activity. While such relationships have been assessed in adults and/or evaluated other types of screen-time, the relationship between portable device use and physical activity and sedentary behavior remains untested in young children. PURPOSE: To examine screen-based media device (smartphone, tablet, television, video games, computer) use in children and their parents in relation to sedentary behavior and physical activity. METHODS: Parents (N = 40) completed validated questionnaires assessing average daily total screen use (smartphone, tablet, television, video games, computer), portable screed-based device use (smartphone, tablet), sedentary behavior, and physical activity for themselves and their children (N = 40, 8.7 ± 1.3 years old). Four standard regression models were used to assess the relationship between criterion variables and the following predictor variables: child age, child sex, child average daily sedentary time, and child physical activity. Criterion variables included (a) child portable device use (Model 1), (b) child total screen use (Model 2), (c) parent portable device use (Model 3), and (d) parent total screen use (Model 4). RESULTS: Child sedentary time was significantly (β = 0.47, t = 3.30, p = 0.002) and positively associated with child portable device use. Child sedentary time was also significantly (β = 0.45, t = 2.91, p = 0.006) and positively associated with parent total screen use. Child age and physical activity were not significantly (p > 0.05) related to either parent or child portable or total device use. CONCLUSION: As found in similar studies examining young adults, child sedentary behavior was related to portable device use while physical activity was not. This suggests that children who are heavy users of portable screen-based devices allocate more time to sitting than their peers who are lower portable screen users. Furthermore, results also suggest that total screen use in parents was predictive of sitting in their children.
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Previous studies from our research group have examined the potential link between portable screen-based devices (i.e., smartphones and tablet computers) and sedentary behavior/physical activity in a primarily suburban population of young children and their parents. It was determined child sedentary behavior was related to portable screen-based device use while physical activity was not. While such relationships were found in a suburban population, rural demographic groups have been shown to differ in both their screen-based device use and physical activity variables suggesting the corresponding associations may also differ. PURPOSE: To examine screen-based media device (smartphone, tablet, television, video games, computer) use in children and parents from a rural population in relation to sedentary behavior and physical activity. METHODS: Parents (N = 7, 33.57 ± 3.95 years old) completed validated questionnaires assessing average daily total screen use (smartphone, tablet, television, video games, computer), portable screen-based device use (smartphone, tablet), sedentary behavior, and physical activity for both themselves and their children (N = 7, 7.00 ± 1.15 years old). Four standard regression models were used to assess the relationship between criterion variables and the following predictor variables: child age, child sex, child average daily sedentary time, and child physical activity. Criterion variables included (a) child portable screen-based device use (Model 1), (b) child total screen use (Model 2), (c) parent portable screen-based device use (Model 3), and (d) parent total screen use (Model 4). RESULTS: Child sedentary time was significantly (β = 0.92, t = 4.65, p = 0.04) and positively associated with parent screen-based device use. Child age, sex, and physical activity were not significantly (p > 0.05) related to either parent or child portable or total device use. CONCLUSION: Contrary to findings in young children from suburban populations, the current results from this limited sample suggest child sedentary behavior was not found to be related to portable screen-based device use in rural children. Furthermore, the data confirms previous findings that parental screen-based device use was predictive of sitting in their children.
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We examined the associations of the presence, number, and the age of children living in the household with adult physical activity, sedentary behavior (sitting and screen time), and sleep behaviors in a large representative sample.Participants were 8312 adults aged 20-65 from the 2011-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Presence (yes/no), the number of children (none, 1, ≥2), the age of the youngest child (none, ≤5 years, 6-17 years) as well as leisure time physical activity, sitting, screen time, and sleep benchmarks were derived from the home interview.Compared to women with no children in the household, women who reported the presence of a child living in the household were significantly less likely to meet optimal physical activity (OR = 0.69; 95% CI:0.56-0.84) and sleep (OR = 0.73; 95% CI:0.60-0.87) benchmarks, and significantly more likely to meet optimal sitting (OR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.68-2.58) and screen time (OR = 2.42; 95% CI:1.93-3.02) benchmarks. Findings were similar in men for sitting and screen time, however effect sizes were smaller. Findings were mainly consistent regardless of the number of children and the age of the youngest child in the household.Integrated approaches that promote healthy 24-hour behavioral patterns among parents, especially mothers, should be considered.
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Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Mediterranean diet (MD) is inversely associated with childhood obesity, but the interaction with other environmental factors, such screen time, might influence the health benefits of a high MD adherence in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess whether an association between MD and screen time exists in European adolescents. Moreover, we also explored whether sedentary time has a modulatory effect on the association between MD and adiposity. Adherence to the MD (24 h recalls), screen time (questionnaire), pubertal development, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated in 2053 adolescents (54.7% females), aged 12.5–17.5 years. In females, MD adherence was associated with lower BMI and FMI only when they were exposed to less than 338 min/day of screen time (81.8% of females); MD adherence was also associated with lower WC only when females were exposed to less than 143 min/day of screen time (31.5% of females). No significant MD-screen time interaction was observed in males. In conclusion, screen-time-based sedentary behaviours had a modulatory effect in the association between MD adherence and adiposity in European female adolescents.
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Physical activity and sedentary behavior (performed primarily while sitting) play a key role in the current and future health of young people. Most health evidence and intervention strategies targeting reductions in children’s sedentary behavior have focused on television viewing, with mixed evidence as to the effectiveness of these strategies and of the importance of television viewing for children’s health. Evidence from studies with adults using objective measures of sedentary behavior suggests that accumulated sedentary time is independently associated with metabolic health; importantly, emerging evidence suggests that the manner in which the sedentary behavior is accrued (ie, frequency of interruptions to time spent sedentary) may also have independent effects on health. Potential novel intervention approaches to reduce children’s sedentary time include activity breaks during class time at school, delivery of active lessons and homework, and changes to the classroom environment. Further evidence of the importance of sedentary time (both total accumulation and frequency of interruptions) on children’s health is required. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting organizational and pedagogical changes in schools as well as using homework to engage with families in more active ways.
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Background: Children's physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with children's weight status. Parents may be an important influence on children's PA by restricting sedentary time or supporting PA. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of PA and screen-media–related [television (TV) and videogame] parenting practices with children's PA. Methods: Secondary analyses of baseline data were performed from an intervention with 9- to 12-year-olds who received active or inactive videogames (n=83) to promote PA. Children's PA was assessed with 1 week of accelerometry at baseline. Parents reported their PA, TV, and videogame parenting practices and child's bedroom screen-media availability. Associations were investigated using Spearman's partial correlations and linear regressions. Results: Although several TV and videogame parenting practices were significantly intercorrelated, only a few significant correlations existed between screen-media and PA parenting practices. In linear regression models, restrictive TV parenting practices were associated with greater child sedentary time (p=0.03) and less moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; p=0.01). PA logistic support parenting practices were associated with greater child MVPA (p=0.03). Increased availability of screen-media equipment in the child's bedroom was associated with more sedentary time (p=0.02) and less light PA (p=0.01) and MVPA (p=0.05) in all three models. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional sample, restrictive screen-media and supportive PA parenting practices had opposite associations with children's PA. Longitudinal and experimental child PA studies should assess PA and screen-media parenting separately to understand how parents influence their child's PA behaviors and whether the child's baseline PA or screen media behaviors affect the parent's use of parenting practices. Recommendations to remove screens from children's bedrooms may also affect their PA.
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Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behavior are both important factors to improve children’s health. Screen time (ST) is one of the principal sedentary behaviors among children. Although, it is well known that parents strongly influence children’s PA behavior; less about parental sedentary behavior influence on children’s screen time. PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between parents’ sedentary behavior and children’s ST during weekdays. METHODS: A group of 109 children (50 girls, 59 boys), with a mean age of 7.0 years, completed a 24-hr PA questionnaire during 2 weekdays including the time spent sitting in front of a screen (TV, computer, videogames). Parents’ sedentary behavior (sitting time) was obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Descriptive statistics were performed for each variable of interest. T-test was used to detect gender differences, and Pearson Correlation and linear regression was used to evaluate the association between children’s ST and parent’s sitting time. RESULTS: Parent’s sitting time was 7.9±5.8 hr/day, and children’s screen time was 1.7±2.1 hr/day, respectively. No screen time gender differences were detected, and no association was observed between children’s ST and parent’s sitting time (r= -0.01, P=0.463). CONCLUSIONS:Parental sitting time does not influence children’s ST; therefore, interventions to reduce screen time among children should not emphasize on parental sedentary behavior role modeling. Funded by the University of PR -FIPI Institutional Grant.
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Abstract Background: The present study examined the current status of physical activity and screen-based sedentary behavior among Chinese children aged 6-12 and explored the relationship between physical activity and screen-based sedentary behavior with children's mental health and academic performance. Methods: Data were drawn from 2012 children aged 6-12 in three primary schools in China in 2020. Children's mental health was assessed by parents and teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parents reported Children’s physical activity and screen-based sedentary behavior. Children's academic performance assessed by teachers. Binary logistic regressions were used to explore the effects of physical activity and screen-based sedentary behavior on children. Results: Children aged 6-12 had an average of 2.9 hours of physical activity and 3.7 hours of screen-based sedentary behavior per week. Physical activity (>2h per week) was a protective factor for peer relationship problems (OR=0.62,95%CI:0.49-0.78) and internalizing problems (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.52-0.82) reported by parents. It was also associated with better reading skills (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.07-1.65). Screen-based sedentary behavior (>2 hours per week) was a risk factor for ADHD (OR=1.40, 95%CI:1.07-1.83) and externalizing problems (OR=1.28, 95%CI:1.01-1.61) reported by parents. And it was a protective factor for conduct problems (OR=0.65, 95%CI:0.44-0.97), peer relationship problems (OR=0.69, 95%CI:0.51-0.94) and internalizing problems (OR=0.69, 95%CI:0.52-0.93) reported by teachers. Conclusions: Sufficient physical activity had benefits for children's mental health and academic performance. Screen-based sedentary behaviors longer than 2 hours per week had both beneficial and detrimental effects on different mental health problems, and we recommend that children avoid excessive screen time.
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Previous research suggests that reducing sedentary screen behaviors may be a strategy for preventing and treating obesity in children. This systematic review describes strategies used in interventions designed to either solely target sedentary screen behaviors or multiple health behaviors, including sedentary screen behaviors. Eighteen studies were included in this paper; eight targeting sedentary screen behaviors only, and ten targeting multiple health behaviors. All studies used behavior modification strategies for reducing sedentary screen behaviors in children (aged 1-12 years). Nine studies only used behavior modification strategies, and nine studies supplemented behavior modification strategies with an electronic device to enhance sedentary screen behaviors reductions. Many interventions (50%) significantly reduced sedentary screen behaviors; however the magnitude of the significant reductions varied greatly (-0.44 to -3.1 h/day) and may have been influenced by the primary focus of the intervention, number of behavior modification strategies used, and other tools used to limit sedentary screen behaviors.
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