Molecular confirmation of Bdv2 gene in wheat germplasm and its field based assessment for resistance against barely yellow dwarf viruses
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Background : Barley yellow dwarf in wheat is an important viral disease among wheat cultivating areas of the world. It is gradually progressing as a major threat to wheat crop in Pakistan due to availability of favorable environmental conditions. The use of resistant cultivar is environmentally safest method for disease control so, it is necessary to develop resistant cultivars before epidemic outbreaks. Methods: The most commonly used wheat variety Inqilab91 was crossed with BYDV / CYDV resistant variety TC14. F1 generation obtained from the P1 cross was then allowed to self-cross. 61 plants were selected from F2 generation on THE BASIS OF disease tolerance or susceptibility and only tolerant plants were included for further experiments in the study. The presence of BDV2 among F2 generation was confirmed by sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers in 6 (91, 96, 110, 119, 121 and 131) out of 61 genotypes which were then backcrossed with recurrent parent. Advance analysis regarding the presence of resistance source among the selected F2 generation was carried out using ELISA. Moreover, appearance of symptoms, agronomic values for different parameters, green house and field responses were also kept under consideration to characterize and confirm the presence of BDV2 among plants. Results: Results indicated that majority of F2 segregating population showed less yellowing, low viral titer and good agronomic values. ELISA value, glasshouse and field analysis showed that seven genotypes (30, 81, 89, 91,101,110 and 121) were resistant, and twenty-four genotypes were found moderately resistant. Tolerance was detected in genotypes 31, 47, 48, 50, 52, 56, 57, 60, 61, 94, 103, 106, 113, 115, 127, 140 and 413. Conclusion: Wheat lines containing Bdv2 genes showed resistance in both field and glasshouse. These wheat germplasm could be used as a source of resistance in CDRP-NARC for the further development of resistant wheat varieties against BYDV / CYDV .Keywords:
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Two sets of germplasm, one of local collection and another of introduced lines comprising 89 and 50 lines respectively were evaluated in 1980–81 and in 1981–82 respectively. Correlation coefficients among various characters as well as path analysis of five characters were estimated for the both sets of germplasm. Seed yield was found to have high positive correlation with pods/plant, primary and secondary branches in both sets of germplasm. Seed weight did not show any relationship with yield in the local germplasm but showed high positive association with yield in the exotic germplasm. Pods/plant was found to have high positive correlation with primary and secondary branches. In both sets of germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect da seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect on seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm 100-seed weight had high direct effect on seed yield. Secondary branches had no direct effect on seed, but its indirect effect through pods/plant was high.
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Non-invasive ventilation
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Based on the exploration of mulberry germplasm resources in 14 counties of 9 districts of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,36 kinds mulberry germplasm were collected.The habitat and characteristics of these germplasm were investigated.It is revealed that so many types of mulberry germpasm are widely distributed in Xinjiang.Especially,so many ancient mulberry trees were found living all over the region.But there is so little attention paid on the protection of mulberry germplasm.It is suggested that,in situ conservation sites should be established in mulberry germplasm concentrate area.The collected germplasm should be propagated and preserved in the national mulberry gene bank.And much attention should be paid on the research and utilization of the mulberry germplasm in Xinjiang.
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Southwest maize zone is one of the largest maize zone of China, Ac counting for about 30% of total area and total output of the nation.But the dist inct also has the serious problem of narrow germplasm basic in maize breeding an d in hybrid, Moreover narrow germplasm basic often results in the massive outbre ak of pest.In the same time, narrow germplasm basic also leads to the maize outp ut level without advance.So the article emphasized on introducing, utilizing pre sent situation and study advances on local germplasm, wild germplasm, heterosis group, and heterotic pattern of Southwest maize zone in recont years and brouyht out several improved advices aimed at questions of germplasm utilization and re search in the region including germplasm enlargement, germplasm improvement and germplasm innovation etc.
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Seed color of broomcorn millet germplasm is broomcorn millets' main agronomic traits. Seed color classification shows that the particle has the highest percentage of germplasm, white grain germplasm followed. But feature identificationh indicates that white grain germplasm has the biggest advantage and yellow grain germplasm follows,which suggests that grain germplasm has the highest evolution degree, but yellow grain germplasm has bigger advantage in adaptability and growth period, than the white grain germplasm. It results bigger germplasm proportion in yellow grain germplasm than the white medium in classification. The red, brown, and grey multicolor grain germplasm also have their own characteristics and play their different roles in broomcorn millet production.
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Fourteen traits of 52 germplasm resources from China and abroad were analysed using cluster analysis method. A classification system of flax was established. All germplasm resources involved was divided into 4 groups. GroupⅠ consisted of 10 germplasm. Group Ⅱ consisted of 37 germplasm and may have 2 subgroups, subgroup Ⅰ included main planted germplasm of flax in China. Group Ⅲ consisted of 1 germplasm . Group Ⅵ included 4 germplasm.
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Conserved sequence
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Longan germplasm resources are very important to the breeding and the study of biotechnology.The research on genetic relationships of germplasm resources can provide scientific basis for exploring the origin,evolution,classification,breeding and application of longan germplasm resources.In this paper,the prospect and urgent problems of longan germplasm resources are discussed.
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The present experiment used Tuxpeno,Suwan1,Double M9(DM9) and Ye 478 to obtain 9 maize populations with 25 %-75 % tropic and subtropical germplasm.NCⅡ design was adopted in this experiment to study the combining ability and heterotic of the 12 maize population combined with testers of Dan340,Chang7-2,Mo17,Qi319,CML161,CI44 and Tafa2.The results showed that the general combining ability(GCA) of Tuxpeno,Suwan1,the populations with 50 %-75 % DM9 and 75 % Tuxpeno germplasm proportion were higher than the others,whereas the GCA of the populations with 25 %-50 % Tuxpeno,50 % Suwan1 and 25 % DM9 germplasm proportion were lower.In the mode of tropic germplasm combining with tropic germplasm,different combinations with tropic germplasm all obtained higher yield and the highest yield were observed in the combinations with 50 %-75 % tropic germplasm combined with CML 161 and CI44.In the mode of tropic germplasm combining with temperate germplasm,the heterosis between combinations with different proportional tropic germplasm combined with temperate testers showed significant differences.The combining ability of Tuxpeno and populations with 25 % other tropic germplasm combined with Dan340 was lower.The inbred lines CML161 and CI44 could effectively identify different materials and were good testers for local maize germplasm.
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According to classification of maize germplasm resources, characteristics of all kinds of germplasm resources were evaluated in this paper. Strengthening research of local and foreign germplasm, especially research and utilization of semi-tropical and related wild species germplasm was an important route to develop genetic base of maize germplasm.
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