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    In vitro co-culture of Solanum tuberosum hairy roots with Meloidogyne chitwoodi: structure, growth and production of volatiles
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    Root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita are responsible for heavy economic losses to many agricultural crops and considered the most difficult crop pest to control.Recently attention on environmental and food safety in addition to human health has led to increase the limitations on using chemical nematocides and searching for environmental safe natural nematocides.Saponins extracted from Medicago sativa L., alfalfa was used to control the infection of tomato seedlings with root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.The results indicated that saponin treatments led to significant reduction in the numbers of larva of root knot nematodes in tomato roots and in soil.The highest nematode inhibition was observed in the treatment of 100% of saponin crude extracts.The observed reduction of the number of nematode larva in tomato roots and in soil were found to be correlated with the decline of cholesterol level in root knot nematode eggs which is due to saponins from Medicago sativa, in a concentration dependent manner.Also saponin treatments showed a general improvement in plant growth and performance.
    Root-knot nematode
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    The study was aimed at finding root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and studying its survival in the bulbs of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa). Tuberose bulbs showed the no symptoms of infection on surface. Galls were observed on pieces of roots attached to harvested bulbs. Nematodes were found inside the bulb tissues. It is the first report of survival of root-knot nematode in tuberose bulbs. Nematode survived in the harvested bulbs for more than 7 months. Occurrence of many active males inside the bulb tissues suggested that the nematodes also underwent amphimictic development. Nematodes were present in different stages of development during the entire period of this study. Fully formed 2nd stage juveniles were seen moving inside the eggs of M. incognita. Nematode lifecycle continued in stored bulbs and these were the source of pest dissemination.
    Polianthes tuberosa
    Root-knot nematode
    Bulb
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    Rice cultivars were studied against root-knot nematode and white tip nematode infection. Significantly lowest gall number of root knot nematode was recorded in genotype Kunjan-4 and highest gall number was recorded in genotype HPR-1156. Hybrid HRI-152 and HPR-2153 recorded significantly lowest and highest number of white-tip nematodes in grains, respectively. Beside this, root-knot nematode galls recorded in the wheat crops varied from 8 to 162galls/5g root.
    Root-knot nematode
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    Pines responded to inoculation with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by changes in reducing and nonreducing carbohydrate concentrations dependent on the pine species and the pathotype of B. xylophilus with which the trees were inoculated. Carbohydrate concentrations, in compatible pine-nematode pathotype combinations, decreased initially after inoculation and then increased slightly before decreasing to approximately 10% of the control levels as the seedlings wilted. In compatible nematode pathotype-pine species combinations, carbohydrate concentrations decreased and then increased as the nematode population densities declined.
    Xylophilus
    Pine wood
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