Moving Forward on the Atlantic Gateway: Context and Further Key Questions
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This paper begins by exploring the meaning of the word gateway, and the role of ‘gateways and corridors’ in the current global trading environment. It examines the integrated nature of today’s economic environment, to provide context for the discussion about the players and their interests—what they seek to gain from gateway development. It then steps back to look at the lessons identified in various research activities undertaken in the Atlantic Gateway Research Initiative, developing four questions for those seeking to participate in gateway development. In answering these four questions, the remainder of the paper proposes strategies for the various players to consider. The paper closes with reflections on the vision for the Gateway and the future research agenda that the current research has identified. The concept of Gateway support discussed here takes a much larger view of the Atlantic Gateway in the world trading environment, and sees roles for all players, including universities, in developing the economic opportunities presented by the Atlantic Gateway.Keywords:
Gateway (web page)
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This paper seeks to establish how human-designed networks and different flavors of openness—institutional, organizational, informational, and resource-based—can and do coexist meaningfully.
As part of that examination, this paper surveys fifty years of openness in the telecommunications and information technologies networking space. The focus is on how the term “openness” has been employed by regulators and others in the United States and what motivations appear to lie behind its use.
Four relevant industry sectors are reviewed.
First, the paper examines the basis for the open Internet in the processes and resources of its Middle Layers architecture. These include the functional design elements of the end-to-end principle, network interconnection, agnostic bearer protocols, and modularity.
Second, the paper explores access to local telephone networks in the FCC’s Part 68 Carterfone rules, the Computer II basic telecommunications/enhanced information services dichotomy, the Computer III concepts of Open Network Architecture, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 requirement of unbundling basic telephony network elements, and wireless spectrum.
Third, the paper analyzes the broadband access debates—from open access to network neutrality—from the perspective of openness.
Finally, the paper discusses the technology and economic elements that help to create and sustain online platform companies and touches on concerns expressed in the recent Warner Policy Proposal. Key aspects of what is termed “functional openness” appear in all of these disparate venues.
The openness by design (ObD) framework is briefly introduced, as an analytical tool for understanding openness relating to factors such as complex systems, network design tradeoffs, and platform economics. The paper culminates by observing how openness should be considered from the human end-user perspective, particularly with the rise of new online technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, biometrics, and virtual reality.
Ultimately, openness requires healthy degrees of trust and accountability in institutional entities, people, and processes—whether derived from markets, governments, or other inclusive decisional systems. The author’s current GLIAnet project, building a trustworthy and open Web ecosystem, is proffered as one such option worthy of exploration.
Openness to experience
Unbundling
Net neutrality
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Paper presented at the 26th annual meeting of the Information Management Working Group of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), held in Bordeaux, France from 12–14 September 2001. Since 1996 the World Bank has been parading its credentials as a ‘Knowledge Bank’. At first the Bank concentrated on building its own website. More recently it has spun off other web initiatives such as the Global Development Network, the Rapid Response privatization site, and the Development Gateway. This paper assesses the latter in the context of the Bank’s overall approach to knowledge and of other web initiatives in the development field. The Development Gateway maintains that it is a neutral vehicle for presenting research and analysis, but is in fact conceived, designed and operated in a way that systematically excludes certain voices and perspectives. Many civil society organizations have decided not to cooperate with the Gateway and instead to continue to build a plurality of spaces to post, share and aggregate information, including critical perspectives on the Bank’s knowledge agenda.
Gateway (web page)
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In this paper,the author first defines the concept of information resources and points out the significance of this topic that it is important to the development of the fourth generation port.Then the author puts forward three gradations of integrating the port information resources.Finally,three proposals are raised,based on the famous overseas ports.The first is cooperation among ports;the second is integration of supply chain;the third is set-up of information platform.
Port (circuit theory)
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The global expansion of the Internet has brought many challenges to geopolitics. Cyberspace is a space of strategic priority for many states. Understanding and representing its geography remains an ongoing challenge. Nevertheless, we need to comprehend Cyberspace as a space organized by humans to analyse the strategies of the actors. This geography requires a multidisciplinary dialogue associating geopolitics, computer science and mathematics. Cyberspace is represented as three superposed and interacting layers: the physical, logical, and informational layers. This paper focuses on the logical layer through an analysis of the structure of connectivity and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). This protocol determines the routes taken by the data. It has been leveraged by countries to control the flow of information, and to block the access to contents (going up to full disruption of the internet) or for active strategic purposes such as hijacking traffic or attacking infrastructures. Several countries have opted for a BGP strategy. The goal of this study is to characterize these strategies, to link them to current architectures and to understand their resilience in times of crisis. Our hypothesis is that there are connections between the network architecture shaped through BGP, and strategy of stakeholders at a national level. We chose to focus on the case of Iran because, Iran presents an interesting BGP architecture and holds a central position in the connectivity of the Middle East. Moreover, Iran is at the center of several ongoing geopolitical rifts. Our observations make it possible to infer three ways in which Iran could have used BGP to achieve its strategic goals: the pursuit of a self-sustaining national Internet with controlled borders; the will to set up an Iranian Intranet to facilitate censorship; and the leverage of connectivity as a tool of regional influence.
Geopolitics
Border Gateway Protocol
Gateway (web page)
Position (finance)
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iCommons, the Open Video Alliance, and the Centre for Internet and Society have initiated a research project which seeks to survey the online video environment in India and the opportunities this new medium presents for creative expression and civic engagement. This report seeks to define key issues in the Indian context and begins to develop a short-term policy framework to address them.
Online video
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Reflection
Global network
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Possession (linguistics)
e-Science
Discipline
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Currently, an important aspect of the Internet is governed by a private sector, international organisation called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICAN), which manages and oversees some of the critical technical underpinnings of the Internet such as the domain name system and Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. ICANN makes its policy decisions using a multistakeholder model of governance, whereby a bottom-up collaborative process is open to all constituencies of Internet stakeholders. This book examines the issues of internet governance and domain name system protocol, with a focus on how other aspects of the Internet may be governed in the future, especially in such areas as intellectual property, privacy, law enforcement, Internet free speech, and cybersecurity. Looking forward, the institutional nature of Internet governance could have far reaching implications on important policy decisions that will likely shape the future evolution of the Internet.
Internet Governance
Corporation
Internet presence management
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