Investigation of a 2R All-Optical Regenerator Based on Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
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The properties of an all-optical 2R regenerator based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are investigated. The regeneration is based on the nonlinear FWM transfer function and a study of the system's static behavior reveals the operating conditions, under which the transfer function approaches most the ideal, step-like discrimination characteristic function. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed in order to overcome the SOAs speed limitations due to limited carrier dynamics. The simulations with dynamic input data by means of extinction ratio (ER) and Q-factor calculations, showed satisfactory regenerative behavior up to 40 Gb/s.Keywords:
Four-wave mixing
Extinction ratio
Fiber Bragg Grating
We report an extensive experimental characterization of four wave mixing (FWM) in InAs/InGaAsP/InP columnar quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs). This paper includes a characterization of the QD-SOA and of the single and double pump FWM performance. The double pump case is studied in both the orthogonal and parallel pumps configurations. Unprecedented ultrabroadband and efficient wavelength conversion are found including, for the two pumps case, 100-nm conversion span in the telecom bands around 1550 nm (S/C/L bands) with positive conversion efficiency and more than 30-dB output optical signal-to-noise ratio.
Four-wave mixing
Optical Pumping
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The Four Wave-Mixing (FWM) effect in a bulk Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is widely used in all-optical communication networks for many applications such as wavelength conversion and fast optical switching. To best achieve such optical functions and bring them into practical stage, we present in this paper some performance criteria dealing with FWM phenomenon in both peaked and broad bandwidth gain SOA. The SOA with a large gain profile has given better performance by increasing the conversion efficiency and signal to background Ratio.
Four-wave mixing
Semiconductor optical gain
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We have analyzed the four-wave mixing (FWM) characteristics among short optical pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with optimum time-delays. An excellent agreement is observed between the simulated and experimental results of FWM in SOAs.
Four-wave mixing
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We present an analysis of the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM) on the pulse propagation in the active region of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Our model, based on a rate equation approach, successfully predicts operation of optical data sampling using FWM interaction between a signal bitstream and an optical clock. Such a process can be used for format conversion of optical pulses from nonreturn-to-zero to return-to-zero bitstreams.
Four-wave mixing
SIGNAL (programming language)
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Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are now good candidates for applications in all-optical signal processing. The travelling waves effects observed in long SOAs can be used to increase the performance in applications based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing (FWM). We show and explain here the nearly degenerate FWM behavior of 1 and 1.5 mm long 1.55 μm bulk SOAs which is dominated by a strong effective index modulation.
Four-wave mixing
Modulation (music)
SIGNAL (programming language)
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The properties of an all-optical 2R regenerator based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) are investigated. The regeneration is based on the nonlinear FWM transfer function and a study of the system's static behavior reveals the operating conditions, under which the transfer function approaches most the ideal, step-like discrimination characteristic function. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed in order to overcome the SOAs speed limitations due to limited carrier dynamics. The simulations with dynamic input data by means of extinction ratio (ER) and Q-factor calculations, showed satisfactory regenerative behavior up to 40 Gb/s.
Four-wave mixing
Extinction ratio
Fiber Bragg Grating
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This talk describes the principle advantages of using short pulses for four wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers. The use of short pulses for FWM in passive nonlinear material is of course widely known. In such passive materials, the short pulses are a means to obtain large optical intensities and their time dependence is actually irrelevant. In contrast, in a semiconductor optical amplifier, the efficiency of the FWM process is bound by gain saturation and large CW optical fields are not capable of overcoming this bound. With short pulses on the other hand FWM is a dynamic process in which the gain is in a transient so it is possible to obtain large intensities in the presence of an unsaturated gain and achieve efficiency increases of several orders of magnitude compared to the CW case.
Four-wave mixing
Semiconductor optical gain
Transient (computer programming)
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We observe efficient interband four-wave mixing (with net gain) in semiconductor optical amplifiers at low pump powers and signal detunings exceeding 6.5 nm. The potential applications include all-optical signal regeneration and wavelength conversion.
Four-wave mixing
Optical Pumping
Semiconductor optical gain
SIGNAL (programming language)
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The performance of two-stages wavelength converters based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) in semiconductor-optical amplifiers (SOA) is investigated analytically. It is shown that the extinction ratio in dB can nearly be doubled. At a bitrate of 1Gbit/s, power penalties of less than 0.4dB are obtained for wavelength shifts in the range −20 nm < Δλ < +20 nm. However, the dynamic range (8dB) is smaller, and the converter losses as well as the output power range is larger compared to XGM in a single SOA.
Semiconductor optical gain
Modulation (music)
Cross-phase modulation
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Fibre optical parametric amplifier incorporating a Raman-pump for reduced four-wave mixing crosstalk
The Fibre Optical Parametric Amplifier (FOPA) employing highly nonlinear fibre (HNLF) has recently been highlighted as a potential technology to expand the transmission capacity of future optical communication systems. Gain bandwidths as high as 200nm [1] have been demonstrated using FOPAs, far exceeding that of the erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) at ~35nm. One limitation of the FOPA is the generation of undesired four-wave mixing (FWM) products arising from phase-matched nonlinear interactions between different combinations of input signal and FOPA-pump photons [2]. These mixing products can be spectrally co-located with the amplified signals and thus act as crosstalk, decreasing the effective optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and hence performance. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that by additionally incorporating a counter-propagating pump to provide Raman gain to the FOPA-pump within the same length of HNLF, the FWM crosstalk can be reduced in magnitude by up to 6dB compared with a standard FOPA after amplification of ten 100GHz-spaced signals and 20dB net gain. For larger numbers of channels, we envisage this improvement to be even more significant.
Four-wave mixing
Raman amplification
Optical parametric amplifier
Erbium
Amplified spontaneous emission
Crosstalk
Optical Pumping
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