Studies on inherently radiopaque acrylate copolymers for biomedical applications
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Abstract Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethyl methacrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐butyl methacrylate) random copolymers (with 50–50 mol % of monomers) were made radiopaque by grafting iodine moieties through the ring opening reaction of the epoxy groups. The percentage weight of grafted iodine in the copolymers was found to be as high as 19%. The iodinated copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability in comparison with the parent copolymers. Iodinated copolymer of poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethyl methacrylate) has improved glass transistion temperature than iodinated poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐butyl methacrylate). Radiographic analysis of these iodinated copolymers showed excellent radiopacity. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed cytocompatibility with cells. These radiopaque copolymers are expected to find application as dental and orthopedic cements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012Keywords:
Glycidyl methacrylate
Radiodensity
水に浸潰したときの3種の組成(メタグリル酸エチル(EMA)/メタクリル酸グリシジル(GMA)=9/1,8/2,713モル比)の共重合体の収着過程をζポテンシャルの経時的減少過程から追究した。共重合体のガラス転移点Tgを含む温度範囲(室温から約80℃)で測定した。ζポテンシャル(流動電位法から求まる)から得られる速度定数Kを収着から直接得られる拡散定数Dと比較した。その結果は以下のとおりである。(1)Kは収着過程の組成依存を明確に示した。すなわち, GMAの増加にしたがってT > Tgにおける活性化エネルギー E 1 2(負)は増加し, T > T,における活性化エネルギー E l zは減少した。(2)Dから得られる活性化エネルギー(E 1 S と E 2 s)は組成依存を明確には示さなかった。しかし,室温に近い温度においては収着量への水和の寄与がみられた(組成8/2と7/3共重合体)。
Glycidyl methacrylate
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Abstract To synthesize a matrix for the immobilization of enzymes, alginic acid, a naturally occurring polysaccharide has been chosen as the backbone, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and 2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as monomers for graft copolymerization. HEMA was used to introduce hydrophilic character which would have been lost during the introduction of the hydrophobic monomer glycidyl methacrylate into alginic acid. Immobilization of trypsin onto this matrix takes place by covalent bonding. The temperature optimum of the immobilized enzyme was found to be 35°C and it was most stable at pH 8.
Glycidyl methacrylate
Alginic acid
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본 연구는 초임계 용매인 CO_2, 에틸렌, 프로판, 부탄, 프로필렌, 1-부텐, 디메틸에테르 및 CHCIF_2내에서 poly(propyl acrylate)와 poly(propyl methacrylate) 용액과의 고압 상거동을 측정하였다. 초임계 용매들과 poly(propyl acrylate) 및 poly(propyl methacrylate) 간의 상거동 측정 범위는 온도 23-186℃와 압력 2,400 bar까지 실험하여 나타내었다. poly(propyl acrylate)-CO_2혼합물은 약 2,070 bar 이내에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-에틸렌계는 1,400 bar 이하에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-프로판계는 1,880 bar 이하에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-프로필렌계는 450 bar 이하에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-부탄계는 2,200 bar이하에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-1-부텐계는 250 bar 이하에서, poly(propyl acrylate)-디메틸에테르계는 150 bar 이하에서 각각 용해되었으며, 이때 온도범위는 23-175℃이였다. poly(propyl methacrylate)-CO_2 혼합물은 2,900 bar 및 온도 240℃에서도 용해되지 않았다. poly(propyl methacrylate)-프로판계는 약 2,390 bar이하에서, poly(propyl methacrylate)-부탄계에 대해서는 2,100 bar이하에서, poly(propyl methacrylate)-프로필렌계에 대해서는 570 bar 이하에서 poly(propyl methacrylate)-1-부텐계는 310 bar 이하에서, poly(propyl methacrylate)-CHClF_2계에 대해서는 300 bar 이하에서, 그리고 poly(propyl methacrylate)-디메틸에테르계에 대해서는 170 bar이하에서 각각 용해되었으며, 이때 온도범위는 40-186℃사이였다. 또한 이성분 poly(propyl acrylate)-CO_2와 poly(propyl acrylate)-디메틸에테르계의 상거동 사이에 디메틸에테르를 공용매로 사용하여 5, 15 및 50wt% 첨가하여 구름점의 거동을 상임계용액온도 영역에서 하임계용액온도 영역까지 나타내었다.
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Butyl acrylate
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This study proposes to use reactive copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate and fluoroalkyl methacrylates with a low fluorine content in the monomer unit as agents to reduce the surface free energy (SFE). This work reveals the effect of the structure and composition of copolymers on the SFE and water-repellent properties of these coatings. On a smooth surface, coatings based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and fluoroalkyl methacrylates with fluorine atoms in the monomer unit ranging from three to seven are characterized by SFE values in the range from 25 to 13 mN/m, which is comparable to the values for polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and perfluoroalkyl acrylates. On textured aluminum surfaces, the obtained coatings provide time-stable superhydrophobic properties with contact angles up to 170° and sliding angles up to 2°. The possibility of using copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate and fluoroalkyl methacrylates for the creation of self-cleaning polymer coatings is shown.
Glycidyl methacrylate
Fluorine
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Abstract Poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethyl methacrylate) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐butyl methacrylate) random copolymers (with 50–50 mol % of monomers) were made radiopaque by grafting iodine moieties through the ring opening reaction of the epoxy groups. The percentage weight of grafted iodine in the copolymers was found to be as high as 19%. The iodinated copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability in comparison with the parent copolymers. Iodinated copolymer of poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethyl methacrylate) has improved glass transistion temperature than iodinated poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐butyl methacrylate). Radiographic analysis of these iodinated copolymers showed excellent radiopacity. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed cytocompatibility with cells. These radiopaque copolymers are expected to find application as dental and orthopedic cements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Glycidyl methacrylate
Radiodensity
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Glycidyl methacrylate
Branching (polymer chemistry)
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Glycidyl methacrylate
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80 ℃, 346 bar 상태의 초임계 이산화탄소 내에서 methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate와 glycidyl methacrylate을 중합하였다. 초임계 이산화탄소 분산매에서의 중합을 위하여 aminopropyltriethoxysilane을 사용하여 glycidyl methacrylate를 monoglycidyl ether terminated PDMS에 결합시킨 glycidyl methacrylate linked poly(dimethylsiloxane)(GMS-PDMS)를 계면활성제로 사용하였다. CO2에서 합성된 Poly(alkyl acrylate)의 수율은 acrylate 단량체의 알킬기가 커질수록 낮아졌다. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)와 poly(methyl acrylate)는 구형으로 만들어진 반면, poly(ethyl acrylate)와 poly(butyl acrylate)는 점성의 액상으로 합성되었다. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) 입자의 수평균직경은 2.45 μm이며 입자 직경의 분포는 매우 좁았다. poly(methyl acrylate)의 수평균직경은 0.52 μm이며 입자크기는 bimodal로 분포되었다. 초임계 이산화탄소에서 중합된 poly(glycidyl methacrylate)와 poly(alkyl acrylate)들의 유리전이온도는 통상의 방법으로 중합된 poly(glycidyl methacrylate)와 poly(alkyl acrylate)의 유리전이온도보다 4~9 K 높게 측정되었다.
Material Properties
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Abstract A series of macroporous membrances composed either of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate with an addition of other monomer chosen from a group comprising 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate or dodecyl methacrylate, or of a copolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate were synthesized and their properties were determined. The addition of a third monomer changes the porous properties only when the concentration of the monomer in the polymerization feed is rather high. The presence of bulkier alkyl side chains in a polymer matrix raises hydrophobicity and reduces the water regain while the strength of the membrane increases.
Glycidyl methacrylate
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate
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Methacrylate and acrylate monomers are popular building blocks for antifouling (AF) and fouling-release (FR) coatings to counteract marine biofouling. They are used in various combinations and often combined into amphiphilic materials. This study investigated the FR properties of amphiphilic ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (DCPEA) and the corresponding methacrylate (DCPEMA) blended with 5 wt % zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylate (CBA) and the corresponding methacrylate (CBMA). A series of (co)polymers with different acrylate/methacrylate compositions were synthesized and tested against the attachment of the diatom Navicula perminuta and in short-term dynamic field exposure experiments. The more hydrophobic methacrylate DCPEMA homopolymer outperformed its acrylate counterpart DCPEA. Incorporated zwitterionic functionality of both CBMA and CBA imparted ultralow fouling capability in the amphiphilic polymers toward diatom attachment, whereas in the real ocean environment, only the employment of CBMA reduced marine biofouling. Moreover, it was observed that CBA-containing coatings showed different surface morphologies and roughnesses compared to the CBMA analogues. Particularly, a high impact was found when acrylic CBA was mixed with methacrylic DCPEMA. While the wettability of the coatings was comparable, investigated methacrylates in general exhibited superior fouling resistance compared to the acrylates.
Biofouling
Acrylate polymer
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
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